J^ctT/^^- 


LINCOLN  ROOM 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 


MEMORIAL 

the  Class  of  1901 

founded  by 

HARLAN  HOYT  HORNER 

and 

HENRIETTA  CALHOUN  HORNER 


k 


BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN 

To  the  Wanamaker  Business  Family  : 

"  To  Temperance  I  ascribe  my  long-continued 
health  and  what  is  still  left  to  me  of  a  good  constitu- 
tion; to  Industry  and  Frugality  the  early  easiness  of 
my  circumstances  and  acquisition  of  my  fortune,  with 
all  that  knowledge  that  enabled  me  to  be  a  useful 
citizen,  and  obtained  for  me  some  degree  of  reputation 
among  the  learned;  to  Sincerity  and  Justice  the 
confidence  of  my  country  and  the  honorable  employs 
it  conferred  upon  me ;  and  to  the  joint  influence  of 
the  whole  mass  of  the  Virtues,  even  in  the  imperfect 
state  I  was  able  to  acquire  them,  all  that  Evenness 
of  Temper  and  that  Cheerfulness  in  conversation  which 
is  still  sought  for,  and  agreeable  even  to  my  younger 
acquaintances. " 


Wanamaker  Primer 


on 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 


STRENGTH   MIND 


HEART    WILL 


The  Full-Rounded  Man 


The  Typical  American 
Example  of 

The  Rule  of  Four 


Wanamaker — Originator 


COPYRIGHT  1909-JOHN  WANAMAKER 


(Bketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

President  Lincoln  and  his  son,  Tad  Lincoln. 

(Prom  War  Department  collection.) 


11  3.1LG3 

WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 


-^  >V5' 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

The  cabin  where  Lincoln  was  born. 

THE  HUMBLE  BIRTH 

"  Nancy  s  got  a  baby  boy? 

So  announced  Thomas 
Lincoln  one  cold  morning  in 
February  to  Dennis  Hanks,  his 
cousin,  who  tells  in  his  own 
quaint  way  the  story  of  the 
birth  of  the  savior  of  the 
Nation. 

Abraham  Lincoln  was  born 
in   that   old,  tumble-down    log 

[five] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

cabin  near  Hodgenville,  La  Rue 
(then  called  Hardin)  County, 
Kentucky,  February  12,  1809. 
Let  Dennis  Hanks  paint  the 
picture : 

"Tom  an'  Nancy  [Lincoln's 
father  and  mother]  lived  on  a 
farm  about  two  miles  from  us 
when  Abe  was  born.  I  ricollect 
Tom  comin'  over  to  our  house 
one  cold  mornin'  in  Feb'uary 
an'  sayin'  kind  o'  slow : 

"  'Nancys got  a  baby  boy'! 

"Mother  got  flustered,  an' 
hurried  up  her  work  to  go  over 
to  look  after  the  little  feller, 
but  I  didn't  have  nothin'  to  wait 
fur,  so  I  cut  an'  run  the  hull 
two  mile  to  see  my  new  cousin. 

"You  bet  I  was  tickled  to 
death !  Babies  wasn't  as  common 
as  blackberries  in  the  woods  of 

[  six  | 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Kaintucky.  Mother  come  over 
an'  washed  him  an'  put  a  yaller 
flannen  petticoat  on  him,  an' 
cooked  some  dried  berries  with 
wild  honey  fur  Nancy,  an' 
slicked  things  up  an'  went 
home.  An  that's  all  the  nussn 
either  of  'em  got. 

"Folks  often  ask  me  if  Abe 
was  a  good-lookin'  baby.  Well, 
now,  he  looked  just  like  any 
other  baby  at  fust — like  red 
cherry  pulp  squeezed  dry.  An' 
he  didn't  improve  any  as  he 
growed  older.  Abe  never  was 
much  fur  looks.  I  ricollect  how 
Tom  used  to  joke  about  Abe's 
long  legs  when  he  was  toddlin' 
'round  the  cabin.  He  growed 
out  o'  his  clo'es  faster'n  Nancy 
could  make  'em." 

[  seven  ] 


flfej 


',.  ■.'.:\'>.''-i. 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

Lincoln  statue  in  Lincoln  Park,  Chicago, 

by  Augustus  St.  Gaudens. 


[  eight  ] 


THE  MARTYR  DEATH 

Fifty-six  years  later,  at  22 
minutes  after  7  on  the  morning 
of  Saturday,  April  15,  1865, 
Secretary  Edwin  M.  Stanton 
closed  the  eyes  of  this  boy,  then 
in  the  full  prime  of  manhood — 
the  President  of  the  United 
States:  a  man  whom  Stanton 
had  first  fought,  then  sneered 
at,  and  then  finally  loved  with 
his  big  heart — and  whispered 
to  the  friends  in  the  death- 
chamber  : 

"Now  he  belongs  to  the  ages? 

The  night  before,  when 
Lincoln  was  shot  down  at  Ford's 
Theatre  in  Washington  by  John 
Wilkes  Booth,  Tad  Lincoln,  the 

[  nine  J 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

favorite  son  of  his  father,  came 
running  into  the  White  House 
and  said  to  Thomas  Pendel,  the 
faithful  old  doorkeeper:  "Tont 
Pen  !  Tom  Pen  !  Theyve  killed  papa 
dead — theyve  killed  papa  dead 7r 

The  night  before  his  death 
Lincoln  had  a  dream,  the  same 
dream  which  in  his  life  had 
been  the  forerunner  of  great 
events.  He  often  told  to  his 
friends  that  the  night  before 
the  battles  of  An  tie  tarn, 
Murfreesboro,  Gettysburg  and 
Vicksburg,  he  had  this  same 
dream — that  he  was  in  a  strange 
ship  moving  rapidly  toward  a 
dark  and  indefinite  shore. 
When  he  had  this  dream  on  the 
night  of  April  13th,  he  said 
himself  the  next  day  that  some 
important  thing  was  going   to 

[  ten  ] 


WANAMAKER—ORIGINATOR 

happen.  It  was  Good  Friday. 
He  attended  the  Cabinet 
meeting  during  the  day,  at 
which  General  Grant  was 
present,  and  he  told  the  Cabinet 
of  his  dream.  In  the  afternoon 
Lincoln  took  his  wife  driving, 
and  she  afterward  told  a  friend 
that  she  had  never  been  so 
happy  in  her  whole  life  as  on 
that  afternoon. 

Both  Lincoln  and  Grant- 
had  been  invited  to  go  to  Ford's 
Theatre  that  night,  and  both 
were  warned  by  Stanton  that 
it  might  be  dangerous  to  expose 
themselves  in  public  when  the 
people  were  yet  excited  over 
the  closing  events  of  the  War. 
Grant,  whether  influenced  by 
the  warning  or  not,  went  to 
visit  his  children  in  a  Northern 

[  eleven  j 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

school.  Lincoln  went  to  the 
theatre.  He  was  acclaimed  by 
the  great  audience  and  given  a 
grand  demonstration.  Suddenly 
during  the  progress  of  the 
play  there  was  a  pistol  shot,  a 
shrill  voice  shouted  :  "  Sic  semper 
tyrannis!"  and  Lincoln  dropped 
in  his  chair,  never  to  speak 
another  word. 

Walt  Whitman  has  vividly 
portrayed  this  scene  in  his 
great  poem — 

" O  CAPTAIN!   MY  CAPTAIN!" 

O  Captain!     My  Captain!     Our  fearful  trip  is  done, 

The  ship  has  weather 'd  every  rock,  the  prize  we 
sought  is  won, 

The  port  is  near,  the  bells  I  hear,  the  people  all  ex- 
ulting, 

While  follow  eyes  the  steady  keel,  the  vessel  grim  and 
daring; 

But  O  heart!  heart!  heart! 
The  bleeding  drops  of  red, 
Where  on  the  deck  my  Captain  lies, 
Fallen  cold  and  dead. 

[  twelve  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

O  Captain!     My  Captain!     Rise  up  and  hear  the 

bells; 
Rise  up — for  you  the  flag  is  flung — for  you  the  bugle 

trills, 
For  you  bouquets  and  ribbon 'd  wreaths — for  you  the 

shores  a-crowding, 
For  you  they  call,  the  swaying  mass,  the  eager  faces 

turning ; 

Here,  Captain !  dear  father ! 
This  arm  beneath  your  head! 
It  is  some  dream  that  on  the  deck 
You've  fallen  cold  and  dead. 

My  Captain  does  not  answer,  his  lips  are  pale  and 

still, 
My  father  does  not  feel  my  arm,  he  has  no  pulse  nor 

will, 
The  ship  is  anchor'd  safe  and  sound,  its  voyage  clos'd 

and  done, 
From  fearful  trip  the  victor  ship  comes  in  with  object 

won; 

Exult,  O  shores,  and  ring,  O  bells! 
But  I,  with  mournful  tread, 
Walk  the  deck,  while  my  Captain  lies 
Fallen  cold  and  dead. 


[  thirteen  ] 


THE  WONDERFUL  LIFE 

CHAPTER  I 

Lincoln — The  Man  of  Strength 


T 


Lincoln  is  the  great 
American  example  of  the  boj 
developing  into  the  full- 
rounded  man. 

From  his 
humble  birth  to 
his  tragic  death, 
as  you  read  his 
life  story,  3^ou 
will  realize  that 
everything  he 
did  he  did — 

With  all  his  Strength, 
With  all  his  Mind, 

J'Vltll    all  JUS    Heai'ty  fSketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

tjt'.j         j j   j  '       Tj/'77  Lincoln  in  1864,  showing  the 

Willi   att  IllS    Witt.  strong  features  of  his  face. 

[  fourteen  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Lincoln  was  a  boy  among 
boys.  He  was  full  of  animal 
spirits.  He  delighted  in  childish 
pranks.  He  liked  to  play.  He 
had  his  favorite  swimming 
hole,  like  other  boys.  He  had 
his  boyish  tragedies  and  his 
boyish  comedies.  He  was 
intensely  human. 

From  the  time  his  father, 
Thomas  Lincoln,  put  an  ax  into 
Abe's  hands  and  together  they 
built  their  first  log  cabin  in 
their  new  home  in  Indiana,  to 
the  very  day  of  his  death, 
Lincoln  was  a  man  of  great 
physical  strength,  energy  and 
endurance. 

Abe's  neighbors  said  he 
was  lazy.  Abe  himself  once 
said  that "  his  father  taught  him 
to  work,  but  he  never  learned 

[  fifteen  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

him  to  love  it."  Often  while 
working  on  a  neighbor's  farm 
he  would  gather  the  men  about 
the  stump  which  he  was  trying 
to  uproot,  and  in  his  droll  man- 
ner tell  them  a  story.  This 
story-telling  habit  Lincoln 
never  lost,  and  later  in  his  life, 
when  he  was  plunged  in  the 
depths  of  his  country's  misery 
and  despair,  he  himself  said 
that  it  was  his  one  safety  valve 
which  prevented  him  from 
going  insane. 

But  there  was  something 
going  on  in  the  MIND  of  this 
tall,  gaunt  boy  which  made 
a  neighbor  once  stop  when  he 
passed  Abe  sitting  on  a  rail 
fence,    and    say    to    his    son: 

"Mark  my  word,  John,  that  boy  will 
make  a  great  man  of  himself  some  day  I* 

[  sixteen  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

Lincoln's  fishing  and  swimming  hole. 

Many  tales  are  told  of  the 
physical  strength  of  Lincoln. 
When  14  years  old  he  was  over 
six  feet  tall,  lank  and  wiry,  "as 
strong  as  an  ox;"  and  the  farmers 
used  to  say  to  one  another:  "Abe 

Lincoln  can  carry  a  load  three  ordinary 
men  can  hardly  lift?  And  one 
time,  so  the  story  runs,  young 
Lincoln,  "seeing  three  or  four 
men  preparing  'sticks  on  which 
to  carry  some  huge  posts/  re- 
lieved   them    of    all    further 

[  seventeen  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

trouble  by  shouldering  the  posts 
alone  and  carrying  them  to  the 
place  where  they  were  wanted." 
John  Hay,  President 
Lincoln's  private  secretary, 
and  afterward  McKinley's  and 
Roosevelt's  Secretary  of  State, 
gives  us  this  record  of  some  of 
the  rails  Lincoln  split  to 
enclose  his  new  home. 

With  the  assistance  of  John  Hanks  he  plowed 
fifteen  acres,  and  split,  from  the  tall  walnut  trees  of  the 
primeval  forest,  enough  rails  to  surround  them  with  a 
fence.  Little  did  either  dream,  while  engaged  in  this 
work,  that  the  day  would  come  when  the  appearance 
of  John  Hanks  in  a  public  meeting,  with  two  of  these 
rails  on  his  shoulder,  would  electrify  a  State  conven- 
tion, and  kindle  throughout  the  country  a  contagious 
and  passionate  enthusiasm  whose  results  would  reach 
to  endless  generations. 

"Abe    never    gave     Nancy     no 

trouble?  said  old  Dennis  Hanks, 

"  after  he  cotild  walk,  except  to  keep  him 

in  clothes.     Most  o'   the   time  we 
went  bar'f  oot.     Ever  wear  a  wet 

[  eighteen  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

buckskin  glove  ?  Them  moc- 
casins wasn't  no  putection 
ag'inst  the  wet ;  birch  bark  with 
hickory  bark  soles,  strapped  on 
over  yarn  socks,  beat  buckskin 
all  holler,  fur  snow.  Abe  'n' 
me  got  purty  handy  contrivin' 
things  that  way.  An  Abe  was 
right  out  in  the  woods,  about  as  soon's 
he  was  weaned,  Jishin  in  the  crik,  set- 
tiri  traps  fur  rabbits  an  muskrats,  goin 
on  eoon-htmts  with  Tom  an  me  an 
the  dogs,  follerin  up  bees  to  find  bee 
trees,  ail    drappin  eorn  fair  his  pappy. 

Mighty  interestin'  life  fur  a 
boy,  but  thar  was  a  good  many 
chances  he  wouldn't  live  to 
grow  up." 

But  Abraham  Lincoln  DID 

grow  up,  and  he  grew  up 
healthy  and  strong  beeause  he  lived  the 

NATURAL    LIFE,   and   that 

[  nineteen  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

is  the  secret  of  his  wonderful 
constitution. 

Abe's  grandfather,  after 
whom  he  was  named,  had 
moved  into  the  forest  country 
of  Kentucky  with  Daniel 
Boone.  And  here  he  was  shot 
to  death  by  the  Indians  when 
his  son  Tom,  Abe's  father,  was 
only  six  years  old. 

Thomas  Lincoln  grew  up  a 
poor,  wandering  orphan.  He 
did  not  even  learn  to  write  his 
own  name  until  after  he  mar- 
ried Nancy  Hanks,  Abraham's 
mother,  who  taught  him  to  read 
and  write  a  little.  But  Thomas 
Lincoln  was  a  good,  strong, 
healthy  man,  and  his  baby  boy, 
little  Abe,  had  a  good  start  in 
life  with  a  sound,  strong  body. 

[  twenty  ] 


WAN  AMAKER— ORIGINATOR 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 


Rock  Spring,  on  the  Lincoln  farm  in  Kentucky. 

The  Lincoln  family,  of 
course,  lived  very  simply.  The 
little  boy  had  only  the  plainest 
food  to  eat,  and  not  too  much 
of  that.  It  may  seem  strange, 
but  it  is  far  better  to  have  too 
little  to  eat  than  too  much. 

Young  Abe  lived  very 
much  like  the  wild  animals  in 
the  woods  around  the  little 
cabin  where  he  was  born.  He 
spent  most  of  the  time  out  of 
doors,  playing  by  the  clear, 
crystal    spring,    called    Rock 

[twenty-one  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

Spring,  hiding  in  the  woods 
and  running  along  the  banks 
of  Knob  Creek. 

In  the  evening,  while  it 
was  growing  dark,  Thomas 
Lincoln  sometimes  told 
Abraham  and  his  sister  Sarah, 
two  years  older,  thrilling  stories 
of  his  adventures  "with  Indians 
and  the  wild  game  he  used  to 
hunt.  Their  mother  often  read 
to  them  from  the  Bible,  The 
Pilgrhns  Progress,  and  a  few  other 
books,  for  books  were  very  scarce 
in  Kentucky  in  those  days. 

The  children  went  to  bed 
almost  as  early  as  the  birds. 
Abe  climbed  up  to  his  low  loft 
overhead  by  means  of  pegs 
driven  into  the  logs,  instead 
of  stairs.  He  slept  on  a  bed  of 
leaves,  very  much  as  the  birds 

[  twenty-two  J 


.WANAMAKER— -ORIGINATOR 

sleep.  He  grew  up,  breathing 
in  the  health  and  strength  of 
the  pure  air  around  him,  just 
as  the  wild  creatures  that  he 
learned  to  know  nearly  as  well 
as  we  know  the  horses,  chickens 
and  household  pets  about  our 
homes  to-day. 

In  this  way  Abraham  Lincoln 
began  in  his  early  days  to  gather  and 
store  up  the  health  and  strength  he 
needed  for  the  great  toils  and  tasks  of 
his  later  life. 

Ail  through  life  Lincoln 
maintained  this  STRENGTH 
OF  BODY,  without  which  no 
man  or  boy  can  accomplish 
great  things.  When  out  among 
the  farmers  one  day,  seeking 
votes,  when  running  for  the 
State  Legislature,  he  was  told 
by    the    men    in    the   harvest 

[  twenty-three  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

field  that  they  would  not  vote 
for  a  man  who  could  not  "hold 
his  own  with  the  cradle."     Abe 

took  hold  of  the  scythe,  cut  the  widest 
swath,  and  distanced  all  the  farmers, 
gaining,  it  is  said,  by  this  feat  no  less 
than  thirty  votes. 

Still  later  in  life,  when  at 
Washington,  even  during  the 
most  critical  periods  of  the 
War,  Lincoln  would  take  his 
usual  long  walks,  thus  keeping 
at  par  his  robust  constitution 
and  maintaining  at  its  maxi- 
mum capacity  the  physical 
machinery  which  a  sturdy 
mother  and  a  kind  Nature  gave 
him  at  birth. 

While  he  was  President  of 
the  United  States,  millions  of 
people  marveled  and  talked 
about   his  wonderful  strength 

[  twenty-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 


and  ENDURANCE  OF  BODY 
AND  MIND,  which  enabled 
him  to  bear  the  terrific  strain 
of  toil  and  anxiety.  He  would 
go  night  after  night  with  little 


(Sketeht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

Lincoln  during  the  critical  days  of  the  War. 

[  twenty-five  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 


or  no  sleep  during  the  terrible 
times   of  the   Civil  "War.     The 

people  did  not  then  realize  that  he 
began  laying  in  his  stock  of  strength 
when  he  was  a  little  boy  living  in  the 
log  huts  in  his  " 'old  Kenhicky  home" 
and  in  the  camp  and  cabin  of  Indiana. 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wnnnmaker  Primer) 

The  strong  Lincoln  profile — 1861. 

[  twenty-six  ] 


CHAPTER  II 

LINCOLN— THE  MAN  OF 
MASTER   MIND 

Strength  comes  from  the 
body — which  is  visible. 

Intellect  comes  from  the 
mind — which  is  invisible. 

Yet  the  caliber  of  each  is  judged 
by  RESULTS. 

We  can  judge  the  physical 
Lincoln  by  his  feats  of  strength. 
We  must  judge  the  mental 
Lincoln,  not  by  the  schooling  or 
education    he    received    from 

teachers,  but  by  his  words  and  deeds. 

There  are  just  two  ways  of 
developing  the  mind — 

[  twenty-seven  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

1.  By  taking  in  through 
the  windows  of  our  physical 
senses  all  the  useful  information 
about  men  and  things  that  we 
can  get  hold  of. 

2.  By  exercising,  strength- 
ening, enlarging  and  drawing 

out  the  innate  positive  qtialities  of 

our  minds. 

Lincoln  always  had  the  windows 
of  his  mind  wide  open  to  the  world. 

He  went  not  long  to  school,  nor 
was  he  surrounded  by  a  large 
library,  nor  did  he  have  great 
teachers  to  pump  into  him  all 
the  learning  of  the  ages,  but  he 
had  that  wonderful  twofold 
faculty  of  "  taking  in  things"  and 
then  of  being  able  to  classify  his 

knowledge  and  to  bring  it  into  action 
at  the  proper  time.  One  lesson  of 
Lincoln's  life  may  be  that  it  is 

[  twenty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 


more  important  to  fill  otir  minds  with 
a  few  essential  truths  than  it  is  to 
sahtrate  our  brains  with  a  smattering 
of  everything. 

What  books  Lincoln  read, 

he  remembered 
and  digested. 
What  learning 
he  acquired  by 
his  own  efforts, 
he  made  use  of  in 
a  practical  way. 

Let  Dennis 
Hanks  again  tell 
the  story,  as  he 
has  told  it  in  The 
A merican   Magazine, 

for  Dennis  was 
the  cousin  and 
playmate  of  Lin- 

tributed  some  of  the  most  .,  ., 

important  facts  of  Lincoln's  COlll    and  greW  UD 

early  history  after  Lincoln's  .    ,      ... 

death  in  1865.  With  him. 

[  twenty-nine  ] 


(Sketeht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

Dennis  Hanks,  cousin  of 
Lincoln's  mother.  It  was 
through  his  influence  that 
the  Lincolns  moved  into 
Illinois  in  1830,  and  he  con- 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

"I  reckon  it  was  thinkin'  o'  Nancy,"  says  Dennis 
Hanks,  "an'  things  she'd  said  to  him  that  started 
Abe  to  stud3^in'  that  next  Winter.  He  could  read 
an'  write,  Nancy  an'  me'd  l'arnt  him  that  much,  an' 
he'd  gone  to  school  a  spell,  but  it  was  nine  mile  there 
an'  back,  an'  a  pore  make-out  fur  a  school  anyhow. 
Tom  said  it  was  a  waste  o'  time,  an'  I  reckon  he  was 
right.  But  Nancy  kep'  urgin'  Abe.  'Abe,'  she'd 
say,  'you  I'arn  all  you  kin,  an1  be  some  account,'  an' 
she'd  tell  him  stories  about  George  Washington,  an' 
say  that  Abe  had  jist  as  good  Virginny  blood  in  him 
as  Washington.  Maybe  she  stretched  things  some, 
but  it  done  Abe  good. 

"Well,  me'n  Abe  spelled  through  Webster's  spellin' 
book  twict  before  he  got  tired.  Then  he  tuk  to  writin' 
on  the  puncheon  floor,  the  fence  rails  an'  the  wooden 
fire-shovel,  with  a  bit  o'  charcoal.  We  got  some 
wrappin'  paper  over  to  Gentryville,  an'  I  made  ink 
out  o'  blackberry-briar  root  an'  copperas.  It  et  the 
paper  into  holes.  Got  so  I  could  cut  good  pens  out  o' 
turkey  buzzard  quills.  It  pestered  Tom  a  heap  to 
have  Abe  writin'  all  over  everything,  but  Abe  was 
jist  wrapped  up  in  it. 

"'Denny,'  he  sez  to  me  many  a  time,  'look  at 
that,  will  you?  "Abraham  Lincoln."  That  stands  fur 
me.  Don't  look  a  blamed  bit  like  me.'  An'  he'd 
stand  an'  study  it  a  spell.  'Peared  to  mean  a  heap 
to  Abe.  When  Tom  got  mad  at  his  markin'  the 
house  up,  Abe  tuk  to  markin'  trees  Tom  wanted  to 
cut  down,  with  his  name,  an'  writin'  it  in  the  sand  at 
the  deer  lick. 

"  I  reckon  Abe'd  'a'  got  discouraged  about  l'arnin' 
after  awhile  if  it  hadn't  be'n  fur  his  stepmother.  We 
was  all  nigh  about  tickled  to  death  when  Tom  brung 
a  new  wife  home.  She'd  be'n  Sairy  Bush,  an'  Tom'd 
be'n  in  love  with  'er  before  he  met  up  with  Nancy, 

[  thirty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

but  her  folks  wouldn't  let  Tom  have  'er,  because  he 
was  shif 'less.  So  she  married  a  man  named  Johnston, 
an'  he  died.  Then  her  an'  Tom  got  married.  She 
had  three  children  of  'er  own  an'  a  four  hoss  wagon 
load  o'  goods;  feather  pillers  an'  homespun  blankets, 
an'  patchwork  quilts  an'  a  chist  o'  drawers,  an'  a  flax 
wheel,  an'  a  soap  kettle,  an'  cookin'  pots  an'  pewter 
dishes. 

"Yes,  Aunt  Sairy  was  a  woman  o'  propputy  an' 
could  'a'  done  better,  I  reckon,  but  Tom  had  a  kind 
o'  way  with  the  women,  an'  maybe  it  was  somethin' 
she  tuk  comfort  in  to  have  a  man  that  didn't  drink 
an'  cuss  none.  She  made  a  heap  more  o'  Tom,  too, 
than  pore  Nancy  did.  Before  winter  he'd  put  in  a 
new  floor,  he'd  whipsawed  an 'planed  it  off  so  shecould 
scour  it;  made  some  good  beds  an'  cheers,  an'  tinkered 
at  the  roof  so  it  couldn't  snow  in  on  us  boys  that 
slep'  in  the  loft.  Purty  soon  we  had  the  best  house  in 
the  kentry.  Thar  was  eight  of  us  then  to  do  fur, 
but  Aunt  Sairy  had  faculty  an'  didn't  'pear  to  be 
hurried  or  worried  none. 

"She  wasn't  thar  very  long  before  she  found  out 
how  Abe  hankered  after  books.  She  heerd  him  talk- 
in'  to  me,  I  reckon.  'Denny,'  he'd  say,  'the  things  I 
want  to  know  is  in  books.  My  best  friend's  the  man 
who'll  git  me  one.' 

"Well,  books  wasn't  as  plenty  as  wild  cats,  but  I 
got  him  one  by  cuttin'  cordwood.  Abe'd  lay  on  his 
stummick  by  the  fire  an'  read  out  loud  to  me  an'  Aunt 
Sairy,  an'  we'd  laugh  when  he  did,  though  I  reckon  it 
went  in  at  one  ear  an'  out  at  the  other  with  'er,  as  it 
did  with  me.  Tom'd  come  in  an'  say:  'See  here, 
Abe,  your  mother  kain't  work  with  you  a-botherin' 
her  like  that,'  but  Aunt  Sairy  always  said  it  didn't 
bother  her  none,  an'  she'd  tell  Abe  to  go  on.  I  reckon 
that  encouraged  Abe  a  heap. 

[  thirty-one  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

"  'Abe,'  sez  I,  many  a  time,  'them  yams  is  all  lies.' 
"'Mighty  darned  good  lies,'  he'd  say,  an'  go  on 
readin'  an'  chucklin'  to  hisself,  til)  Tom'd  kiver  up 
the  fire  fur  the  night  an'  shoo  him  off  to  bed. 

"  I  reckon  Abe  read  that  book  (Arabian  Nights)  a 
dozen  times  an'  knowed  all  the  yarns  by  heart.  He 
didn't  have  nothin'  much  else  to  read,  excep'  Aunt 
Sairy's  Bible.  He  cut  four  cords  o'  wood  onct  to  git 
one  stingy  little  slice  of  a  book.  It  was  a  life  o'  Wash- 
ington; an'  he'd  lay  over  the  Statoots  (Statutes)  o'  In- 
diany  half  the  night. 

"  We'd  git  hold  o'  a  newspaper  onct  in  a  while,  an' 
Abe  l'arned  Henry  Clay's  speeches  by  heart.  He 
liked  the  stories  in  the  Bible,  too,  an'  he  got  a  little  book 
o'  fables  some'ers.  I  reckon  it  was  them  stories  he 
read  that  give  him  so  many  yarns  to  tell.  I  asked 
him  onct  after  he'd  gone  to  lawin'  an'  could  make  a 
jury  laugh  or  cry  by  firin'  a  yarn  at  'em. 

"  'Abe,'  sez  I,  'whar  did  you  git  so  blamed  many 
lies?'  An'  he'd  always  say,  'Denny,  when  a  story 
lams  you  a  good  lesson,  it  ain't  no  lie.  God  tells  truth 
in  parables.  They're  easier  fur  common  folks  to  under- 
stand an'  ricollect.'     His  stories  was  like  that. 

"  Seems  to  me  now  I  never  seen  Abe  after  he  was 
twelve  'at  he  didn't  have  a  book  in  his  hand  or  in  his 
pocket.  He'd  put  a  book  inside  his  shirt  an'  fill  his 
pants  pockets  with  corn  dodgers  an'  go  off  to  plow  or 
hoe.  When  noon  come  he'd  set  under  a  tree,  an'  read 
an'  eat.  An'  when  he  come  to  the  house  at  night,  he'd 
tilt  a  cheer  back  by  the  chimbley,  put  his  feet  on  the  rung, 
an'  set  on  his  back-bone  an'  read.  Aunt  Sairy  always 
put  a  candle  on  the  mantel-tree  piece  fur  him,  if  she 
had  one.  An'  as  like  as  not  Abe'd  eat  his  supper 
thar,  takin'  anything  she'd  give  him  that  he  could 
gnaw  at  an'  read  at  the  same  time.  I've  seen  many 
a  feller  come  in  an'  look  at  him.  Abe  not  knowin' 

[  thirty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

anybody  was  'round,  an'  sneak  out  agin  like  a  cat,  an' 
say:  'Well,  I'll  be  darned.'  It  didn't  seem  natural, 
nohow,  to  see  a  feller  read  like  that.  Aunt  Sairy'd 
never  let  the  children  pester  him.  She  always  de- 
clared Abe  was  goin'  to  be  a  great  man  some  day,  an' 
she  wasn't  goin'  to  have  him  hendered. 

"You  bet  he  was  too  smart  to  think  everything 
was  in  books.  Sometimes,  a  preacher  'r  a  circuit- 
ridin'  judge  'r  lyyer  'r  a  stump-speakin'  polytician  'r 
a  school  teacher 'd  come  along.  When  one  o'  them 
rode  up,  Tom'd  go  out  an'  say:  'Light,  stranger,1 
like  it  was  polite  to  do.  Then  Abe'd  come  lopin'  out 
on  his  long  legs,  throw  one  over  the  top  rail,  an'  begin 
firin'  questions.  Tom'd  tell  him  to  quit,  but  it  didn't 
do  no  good,  so  Tom'd  have  to 
bang  him  on  the  side  o'  the 
head  with  his  hat.  Abe'd  go 
off  a  spell  an'  fire  sticks  at 
the  snow-birds  an'  whistle  like 
he  didn't  keer. 


'"Pap  thinks  it  ain't  polite 
to  ask  folks  so  many  questions, ' 
he'd  say.  'I  reckon  I  wasn't 
born  to  be  polite.  There's  so 
many  things  I  want  to  know. 
An'  how  else  am  I  goin'  to  git 
to  know  'em  f '  " 

Lincoln  always 
lived  close  to  Na- 
ture and  learned 
from  Nature.   He 

-i  "l  t  t      •  (Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

always       had       lllS  Lincoln  in  1858. 

[  thirty-three  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

eyes  and  ears  wide  open.  He 
"sensed"  things  naturally  with- 
out effort,  and  learned  things 
which  it  took  other  men,  called 
scholars,  years  to  get  into  their 
heads. 

Lincoln  had  greatlj^  devel- 
oped the  power  of  attention  and 
of  concentration,  because  he 
became  interested  in  everything 
of  importance  that  he  took  up. 

Attention,  you  know,  is 
merely  fixing  your  mind  in- 
tently on  a  thing. 

C  07t  cent  rat  ion  is  simply 
prolonged  attention. 

Lincoln     was    a    great    listener. 

He  could  empty  his  mind  of 
everything  except  the  one 
thing  that  he  wanted  to  hear 
and  learn  about. 

[  thirty-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Lincoln  also  had  a  strong  memory 

— "he  would  go  to  church," 
says  Dennis  Hanks  again,  "an 
come  home  an  say  aver  the  sermon 
as  good  as  tlie  preaclier.    He'd  often 

do  it  fur  Aunt  Sairy,  when  she 
couldn't  go,  an'  she  said  it  was 
jist  as  good  as  goin'  herself." 

Lincoln  also  had  a  powerful 
imagination  —  that  architect  of 
our  minds  which  builds  up 
and  joins  thoughts  into  ideas 
and  judgments.  He  could 
throw  on  the  screen  of  his  mind 
the  essential  facts  of  a  case  and 
reach  a  sound  conclusion  better 
than  any  other  man  of  his  day. 
This    faculty    gave    him    that 

sound  judgment,  that  judicial  mind, 

which  carried  him  and  the 
country  through  the  crises  of 
the  Civil  War. 

[  thirty-five  ] 


CHAPTER  III 

"HONEST  ABE" 
The  Heart  Side  of  Lincoln 

While  clerking  in  a  store 
at  New  Salem,  Illinois,  Lincoln 
sold  a  bill  of  goods  during  the 
day,  and  when  checking  up  his 
work  at  night  found  he  had 
charged  a  customer  a  "levy" 
(1 2 %  cents)  too  much.  He  locked 
up  his  store  at  10  o'clock,  walked 
several  miles,  and  returned  the 
money  to  the  customer. 

Another  time,  upon  open- 
ing the  store,  he  found  a  four- 
ounce  weight  on  the  scales. 
Realizing  that  he  had  not  given 
a  customer  the  night  before  as 

[  thirty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

much,  tea  as  had  been  paid  for, 
he  walked  out  to  her  home 
before  breakfast  and  delivered 
the  rest  of  the  tea  before  he 
could  eat. 

Lincoln's  law  partner, 
Herndon,  said  that  he  never 
could  get  Abe  to  charge  a  large 
enough  fee. 

Is  it  any  wonder  that  with  such 
characteristics  Lincoln  soon  came  to  be 
called  "HONEST  ABE"  ? 

With  all  his  other  wonder- 
ful qualities — his  great  physical 
strength  and  endurance,  his 
strong  mind,  and  his  forceful 
will — Lincoln  is  perhaps  the  greatest 
example  in  history  oj RELIABILITY. 
His  word  was  as  good  as  his 
bond.  He  always  kept  his 
promises.     He  did  everything 

uwith  all  his  heart" — and  his  heart 

[  thirty-seven  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

was   right   and  true.     He   was  just 

and  fair  always,  but  he  was 
merciful  and  kind  as  well. 

The  life  of  Lincoln  is  filled 
with  examples  of  his  big  heart. 
He  could  not  tell  a  lie,  yet  he 
would  never  say  or  do  anything 
that  would  hurt  anyone's  feel- 
ings. He  would  go  out  of  his 
way  to  help  even  a  dumb 
animal.  It  is  related  that  when 
going  to  a  Cabinet  meeting  one 
day  in  Washington,  he  found  a 
little  wounded  bird  on  the  side- 
walk. He  simply  would  not  go 
on,  even  though  it  delayed  the 
Cabinet  meeting,  until  he  got 
that  little  bird  safe  in  its 
mother's  nest. 

While  still  a  small  boy, 
Abraham  began  to  show  that 
his  heart  was  right.     He   was 

[  thirty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

kind  to  his  sister,  who  was 
always  fond  and  proud  of  her 
young  brother.  After  he 
became  President  he  told,  this 
little  story  of  his  only  recol- 
lection of  the  War  of  1812: 

I  had  been  fishing  one  day  and  caught  a  little 
fish  which  I  was  taking  home.  I  met  a  soldier  on  the 
road,  and,  having  been  always  told  at  home  that  we 
must  be  good  to  the  soldiers,  I  gave  him  my  fish. 

This  must  have  happened 
when  he  was  less  than  six  years 
old.  Another  thing  he  did 
before  he  left  Kentucky,  at 
seven  years  of  age,  was  to  cut, 
with  untiring  labor  and  pains, 
spicewood  boughs  to  burn  in 
the  open  fireplace,  to  make  a 
bright  light  and  a  pleasant 
perfume  "while  his  mother  read 
stories  to  him  and  his  sister 
from  the  Bible  and  The  Pilgrims 
Progress, 

[  thirty-nine  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

Tears  of  indignation  and 
pity  often  sprang  to  the  tender- 
hearted boy's  eyes  when  he  saw 
his  f ellows  ill-treating  helpless 
animals.  Once  he  caught 
several  of  them  putting  live 
coals  on  the  back  of  a  mud- 
turtle  with  a  shingle.  He 
snatched  the  shingle  from  the 
hands  of  one  mischievous  boy, 
knocked  off  the  coals  with  it, 
then  began  to  punish  the  lad 
for  his  cruelty.  His  first  writing 
in  school  was  in  defense  of 
dumb  animals.  Nat  Grigsby, 
one  of  his  boy  friends,  said  of 
him  afterward:  "He  first  wrote 
short  sentences  against  crttelty  to 
animals',  and  at  last  came  forward 
with  a  regular  c o mp osition  on  the 
subject!' 

[  forty  ] 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 


Sarah  Bush  Lincoln.     She  was  an  important  factor  in  the 

development  of  the  strong  character  of  her  stepson, 

Abraham  Lincoln,  having  entered  the  Lincoln 

home  when  little  Abe  was  ten  years  old. 


[  forty-one  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

When  he  was  nine  years 
old,  Lincoln's  own  mother  died. 
He  seldom  spoke  of  her  after 
he  grew  up,  but  when  he  did 
mention  her  it  was  in  fervent 
tones  of  deepest  tenderness. 
Once  he  said  of  her:  "All  1  am 

or  hope  to  be,  I  owe  to  my  sainted 
mother!' 

Lincoln  was  brought  up 
by  a  stepmother,  and  yet  he  loved 
her.  He  came  from  the  people, 
and  he  loved  his  people.  He  loved 
even  his  enemies,  and  even  the 
people  of  the  South  learned 
after  the  close  of  the  War  that 

his  armies  were  sent  against  them  not 
in  anger  hit  in  love.  He  had  greatly 
developed  the  heart  quality  of 
SYMPATHY.  He  was  brought 
up  in  a  rough  and  uncouth 
country,  yet  he  had  innate  the 

[  forty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

virtues  of  courtesy  and  politeness. 
He  had  developed  to  an  enor- 
mous degree  the  three  great 
heart  qualities  of — 

Faith, 
Hope,  and 
Charity  ; 

and  above  all  else  he  was 
LOYAL — loyal  to  the  American 
people,  who  had  placed  upon 
him  the  responsibility  of  saving 
the  great  American  nation. 

Pure  in  body  and  in  mind 
and  temperate  in  his  living,  he 
is  the  greatest  all-around 
example  of  the  MAN  OF 
HEART  that  history  has  yet 
produced. 

Wayne  Whipple's  Lincoln 
Story  Calendar  relates  many  tales 
of  his  kindness  of  heart : 

[  forty-three  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

The  story  is  told  "of  a  little  girl  weeping  at  the 
gate  because  the  hackman  had  failed  to  call  for  her 
trunk,  and  Lincoln  promptly  shouldered  it  and  put 
both  trunk  and  girl  on  the  train,  and  sent  her  off  for 
her  first  outing  on  the  cars,  smiling  through  her  tears; 
of  a  pig  stuck  in  the  mud,  squealing  helplessly,  when 
Lincoln  and  his  law  comrades  passed  on  their  way  to 
the  next  court — the  others  laughed  over  the  pig's 
plight  after  they  had  passed,  but  its  helpless  cries  rang 
in  Lincoln's  ears  till  he  could  bear  it  no  longer;  so  he 
returned,  and  with  one  fence-rail  for  a  fulcrum  and 
another  for  a  lever,  pried  the  pig  out  of  the  mire,  and 
traveled  the  rest  of  that  day  alone,  muddy  but 
content." 

To  the  first  $500  fee  Lincoln 
received  he  added  $250,  which 
he  actually  had  to  borrow,  to 
invest  in  a  quarter-section  of 
land  to  make  his  stepmother's 
declining  years  more  comfort- 
able. Lincoln,  when  in  prosperity, 
never  neglected  his  "stepr'  relations. 

Several  good  stories  are  told  of 
his  giving  money  to  his  good- 
for-nothing  stepbrother,  and  of 
his  leaving  the  comforts  and 
comradeship  of  a  hotel,  even 

[  forty-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

during  the  exhaustion  of  his 
great  debates  with  Douglas,  to 
walk  miles  through  rain  and 
mud  to  call  upon  some  distant 
relative.  Once,  when  it  was 
suggested  that  he  needed  the 
rest  and  shelter,  he  seemed 
shocked  at  the  wickedness  of 
such    a    thought,    exclaiming: 

''Why,  Aunt 's  heart  would  be  broken 
if  I  should  leave  town  without  calling 
upon  her!' 

Many  stories  are  told  of 
Lincoln's  tenderness,  which 
was  as  sensitive  as  a  child's, 
while  he  traveled  the  Eighth 
Illinois  Circuit  as  a  country 
lawyer.  The  hardships  of  his 
life  and  the  callousing  expe- 
riences of  the  legal  profession 
never  hardened  his  heart  in  the 
least.  Late  one  very  cold  night, 

[  forty-five  ] 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

The  smiling  Lincoln. 

(A  rare  expression.) 


[  forty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Lincoln,  the  constable,  and 
others,  were  returning  from  a 
hard  day's  work  at  threshing, 
when  they  found  an  intoxi- 
cated man  lying  in  the  freezing 
mud  and  ice  of  the  roadside. 
The  others  said:  "He  has  made 
his  bed,  let  him  lie  in  it;"  but 
this  seemed  utterly  monstrous 
to  Abraham.  The  rest  went  on 
to  their  homes,  but  he  bent  his 
strong  frame,  gathered  the  dead 
weight  of  the  large,  heavy 
drunken  man,  and  carried  him 
eighty  rods  to  a  deserted  hut, 
where  he  made  a  fire  and 
warmed,  chafed  and  nursed  his 
unconscious  patient  all  that 
night  through.  The  man  after- 
ward said:  "It  was  mighty  clever 
in  Abe  to  tote  me  to  a  warm  fire  that 
cold  night"  and  the  poor  fellow 

[  forty-seven  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

believed  that  the  strong  young 
man's  kindness  had  saved 
his  life. 

When  the  Lincoln  family 
moved  to  Illinois,  they  plodded 
through  muddy  prairies  and 
forded  swollen  streams  in  a  big 
covered  wagon  drawn  by  two 
yoke  of  oxen.  One  afternoon 
about  dusk,  after  they  had 
floundered  through  a  creek 
filled  with  broken  ice,  they  dis- 
coveredthat  they  had  left  behind 
them  a  little  dog,  a  pet  of  one 
of  the  famity.  The  rest  were 
for  going  on  and  leaving  the 
cur  behind,  as  it  was  already 
late,  and  to  go  back  with  the 
oxen  was  out  of  the  question. 
But  Abraham  saw  the  little 
dog  on  the  other  bank,  running 
up  and  down  and  yelping  in 

[  forty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

distress.  Referring  once  to  this 
incident,  he  said :  "/  could  not 
endure  the  idea  of  abandoning  even  a 

dog.  Pulling  off  shoes  and  socks, 
I  waded  across  the  stream  and 
triumphantly  returned  with 
the  shivering  animal  under  my 
arm.  His  frantic  leaps  of  joy 
and  other  evidences  of  a  dog's 
gratitude  amply  repaid  me  for 
all  the  exposure  I  had  under- 
gone." 

Soon  after  this,  in  Illinois, 
Lincoln  was  often  without 
work;  so  he  spent  his  time 
helping  others  who  needed 
help,  without  pay.  It  was  said 
of  him  that  "he  visited  the  widow 
and  fatherless,  and  chopped  their  wood? 

Once,  while  he  was  a  captain 
in  the  Black  Hawk  War,  he 
stepped    in     and    kept    some 

[  forty-nine  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

soldiers,  who  believed  that  "the 
only  good  Indian  is  a  dead 
Indian,"  from  shooting  an  old 
redskin  as  a  spy,  even  at  the 
risk  of  his  own  life.  The  angry 
soldiers  threatened  him  for 
interfering,  and  he  indignantly 
retorted,  as  he  rolled  up  his 
sleeves:  "77/  tell  you  what — 77/ 
fight  you  all  Take  it  out  of  me,  if  you 
can;  btct yoti  shant  totich  this  Indian. 
When  a  man  comes  to  me  for  help  he's 
going  to  get  it,  if  I  have  to  lick  all 
Sangamon  County." 

One  day,  when  traveling 
across  country  from  one  court 
to  another  with  several  lawyer 
friends,  Lincoln  was  suddenly 
missed. 

"Where's  Lincoln?"  asked 
one. 

[  fifty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

"Ok!  when  I  saw  him  last  he  had 
two  little  birds  in  his  hands,  hunting 

for  their  nest."  He  had  seen  the 
young  birds  fluttering  on  the 
ground  in  a  thicket,  had  hitched 
his  horse,  caught  the  birds,  and 
was  going  about  searching  tree 
after  tree  for  the  nest  from 
which  the  fledglings  had  fallen. 
An  hour  later, when  Lincoln 
caught  up  with  his  friends,  they 
laughed  at  him  for  wasting  his 
time  in  such  a  childish  way. 
He  replied,  with,  great  earnest- 
ness: 

'  Gentlemen,  you  may  laugh,  but  I 
could  not  have  slept  well  to-night  if 
1  had  not  saved  those  birds.  Their 
cries  would  have  rttng  in  my  ears!' 

Lincoln's  heart  taught  him 
true  politeness.  He  was  by  nature 
kind  and    gentle — a  gentle-man, 

[  fifty-one  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

without  the  superficial  veneer 
or  "polish"  which  often  passes 
for  gentility.  He  had  a  "heart 
of  oak,"  true,  loyal,  grateful — 
never  forgetting  a  favor.  One 
day,  not  long  before  he  started 
for  Washington  to  assume  the 
reins  of  government,  an  old 
woman  whom  he  called  "Aunt 
Sally"  came  to  see  him.  He  was 
talking  with  two  men  of 
national  renown,  but  he  rushed 
to  meet  her,  seated  her  in  the 
chair  of  honor,  introduced  his 
distinguished  guests,  and  put 
her  at  ease  by  telling  what  good 
times  he  used  to  have  at  her 
house  on  "Sangamon  Bottom." 
'Gentlemen"  said  he,  "this  is  a 
good  old  friend  of  mine.  She  can  bake 
the  best  flapjacks  you  ever  tasted,  and 
she  has  baked  them  for  me  many  a  time." 

[  fifty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Then  "Aunt  Sally"  pulled 
out  a  huge  pair  of  coarse  yarn 
socks  and  handed  them  to  Mr. 
Lincoln.  He  took  the  stockings 
by  the  toes,  holding  one  in  each 
hand  beside  his  great  feet,  as  he 
exclaimed : 

"She  got  my  latitude  and  longitude 
about  right,  didiit  she,  gentlemen  f 

Then  he  took  both  the  good 
woman's  hands  in  his,  told  her 
how  pleased  he  was  with  her 
remembrance,  and  promised 
to  take  the  stockings  to 
Washington,  wear  them  in  the 
White  House,  and  think  of  her 
when  he  did  so.  And  he  meant 
it,  every  word!  He  was 
incapable  of  winking  or  laugh- 
ing behind  dear  "Aunt  Sally's" 
back.  His  heart  was  too  kind 
and    loyal    for    anything    like 

[  fifty-three  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 


that,  though  it  was  full  of  fun, 
for  he  had  the  keenest  possible 
sense    of    the    ludicrous.     To 

Lincoln  there  could  be  nothing  funny 
in  any  act  of  sincere  kindness  from  a 
good  old  friend. 

There  came  the  severest 
test  of  Lincoln's  HEART  after 
he  became  President.  His 
Cabinet  was  made  up  of  his 
political  rivals,  who  insulted 
him  by  their  patronizing 
airs.      Each   and   all 

thought  Lin- 
coln's election  a 
grand  blunder. 

Seward,  as 
S  e  c  r  e  t  a  r  y  of 

State,  gener- 
ously offered  to 
run  things  if 
Lincoln  would 

[  fifty-four  ] 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

Lincoln  and  his  famous  beaver 
hat.      (From    Meserve 
collection,  New  York.) 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

only  keep  his  hands  off  and 
hold  back  the  rest  of  the 
Cabinet.  Lincoln,  with  gentle 
firmness,  without  telling  any 
one  of  the  Secretary's  fault  and 
weakness,  converted  a  jealous 
rival  into  a  staunch  friend. 

Chase  was  allowed  to  go  on 
using  his  position  as  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  against  his 
silent  chief,  but  Lincoln  dis- 
posed of  Chase  with  a  shrewd 
kindness  which  was  then  called 
"diplomacy." 

And  Stanton,  brusque, 
bitter,  caustic,  overbearing,  in- 
solent, abusive  Stanton,  who 
had  called  Lincoln  an  "  imbecile," 
an  "ogre,"  a  "gorilla"  and  a  "  fool," 
was  transformed  into  a  loyal, 
devoted,  staunch  friend  and 
admirer    of    his    chief.     Mind 

[  fifty-five  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

alone  could  never  have  mas- 
tered Stanton.  It  was  the  Great 
Heart  and  the  Great  Will  in 
the  White  House  that  finally 
conquered  his  domineering 
Secretary  of  War. 

There  was  something  more 
than  human  about  Lincoln's 
CHARITY.  He  seemed  to 
think  no  less  of  any  man  because 
that  man  hated  and  abused 
Abraham  Lincoln.  Few  men 
can  comprehend  such  unheard- 
of  generosity.  Lincoln  could 
see  the  good  in  a  man  regardless 
of  the  way  that  man  treated 
him.  He  endured  the  worst 
treatment  on  the  part  of  his 
subordinates,  for  the  sake  of  the 
country — yes,  and  for  the  sake 
of  those  subordinates  them- 
selves. After  General  McClellan 

[  fifty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 


had  insulted  him,  an  attending 
officer  protested,  but  Lincoln 
replied:  V  will  hold  McClellans 
horse,  if  he  will  win  us  a  battle? 

Lincoln  had  the  unselfish, 

self-  denying, 
self  -  effacing, 
self-giving 
HEART.  He 
was  a  martyr  in 
spirit,  through 
his  love  of  man- 
kind, years  be- 
fore his  actual 
martyrdom 
came  to  pass.  He 
had  learned  to 
rule     his    spirit 

but  disliking  the  result  he  ran  j  ^         th 

his  fingers   through  it  just   a  °        o  w 

moment    before    the    picture  cheerleSS     CabinS 
was  taken.       (From  the  Fay  _        -T-r 

collection,  Illinois.)  OI       -KentUCJ&y, 

[  fifty-seven  ] 


CSketcht  for  the  Wanarnaker  Primer) 

Lincoln  at  48.  When  prepar- 
ing for  this  picture,  Lincoln's 
stubby  hair  was  smoothed 
down    by   the    photographer, 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

Indiana  and  Illinois.  His  father 
was  harsh  and  unjust,  calling 
his  only  son  foolish  and  lazy 
when  he  was  really  wise  and 
untiring  in  his  industry.  He 
early  learned  to  be  kind  and 
true  even  while  smarting  under 
a  sense  of  injustice  and  wrong. 
He  learned  his  first  lessons  and 
solved  his  first  problems  in 
charity  as  he  lay  before  the  fire, 
studying  by  its  light  and  work- 
ing out  simple  sums  on  his 
father's  wooden  shovel.  His 
"charity  for  all"  was  exercised 
when  that  "all"  meant  only  the 
few  of  his  own  family  and  his 
pioneer  neighbors — and  again 
when  "all"  meant  all  the 
American  people. 

Lincoln's   famous  letter  to 
a  bereaved  mother — the  letter 

[fifty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

is  still  hanging  on  the  walls  of 
Brasenose  College,  Oxford 
University,  England,  as  a  model 
of  pure  and  exquisite  English 
— shows  the  great  HEART  of 
Lincoln,  as  well  as  his  great 
MIND. 

The  letter  was  this  : 

Executive  Mansion, 
Mrs.  Bixby,  Washington,  Nov.  21,  1864. 

Boston,  Mass. 
Dear  Madam: — 

I  have  been  shown  in  the  files  of  the  War 
Department  a  statement  of  the  Adjutant-General  of 
Massachusetts,  that  you  are  the  mother  of  five  sons 
who  have  died  gloriously  on  the  field  of  battle.  I 
feel  how  weak  and  fruitless  must  be  any  words  of  mine 
which  should  attempt  to  beguile  you  from  the  grief 
of  a  loss  so  overwhelming.  But  I  cannot  refrain  from 
tendering  to  you  the  consolation  that  may  be  found  in 
the  thanks  of  the  Republic  they  died  to  save.  I  pray 
that  our  Heavenly  Father  may  assuage  the  anguish 
of  your  bereavement,  and  leave  you  only  the  cher- 
ished memory  of  the  loved  and  lost,  and  the  solemn 
pride  that  must  be  yours  to  have  laid  so  costly  a 
sacrifice  upon  the  altar  of  freedom. 

Yours  very  sincerely  and  respectfully, 

(Note. — After  receiving  the  letter  three  of  Mrs.  Bixby's 
sons  reported  killed  in  battle  came  home  to  her,  alive  and 
well.  Several  families  of  the  same  name  had  been  confused  in 
the  records.) 

[  fifty-nine  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

Attorney  -  General    Bates 

used  to  say :  "Should  the  applicant 
be  a  woman,  a  wife,  a  mother,  or  a 
sister,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  her 
tears,  if  nothing  else,  would  be  sure  to 
prevail  with  Lincoln!' 

Even  after  General  Butler 
had  telegraphed  from  the  field 
to  Lincoln :  "  I  pray  you  not  to 
interfere  with  the  courts- 
martial  of  the  army.  You  will 
destroy  all  discipline  among  our 
soldiers,"  Lincoln's  heart  was  so 
big  that  after  listening  to  a  plea 
for  mercy  for  a  soldier  com- 
mitted to  death,  he  exclaimed  : 

*  By  Jings !  Butler  or  no  Butler,  here 
goes!"  and  wrote  this  order  :  "Job 
Smith  is  not  to  be  shot  until  further 
orders  from  me?  The  old  man 
who  was  pleading  for  his  son's 
pardon  was  disappointed.  He 
had  come  for  a  full  pardon. 

[  sixty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

"My  old  friend"  said  Lincoln, 
"/  see  yoti  are  not  very  well  acquainted 
with  me.  If  yo^tr  son  never  looks  on 
death  until  further  orders  come  from 
me  to  shoot  liim,  he  will  live  to  be  a 
great  deal  older  than  Methuselah." 

"It  makes  me  rested," 
Lincoln  used  to  say,  "after  a 
hard  day's  work,  if  I  can  find 
some  good  excuse  for  saving  a 
man's  life,  and  I  go  to  bed 
happy,  as  I  think  how  joyous 
the  signing  of  my  name  will 
make  him  and  his  family  and 
his  friends." 

And  with  this  very  quality 
of  HEART— love  for  his 
fellow  man — Lincoln  won  over 
even  his  enemies,  and  saved  the 
Nation.  His  political  rivals 
were  astounded  and  puzzled 
over  his  popularity  in  Illinois, 

[  sixty-one  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

when  they  arrived  at  the  con- 
vention that  nominated  him. 
The  Lincoln  love  spread  over 
the  North  like  a  prairie  fire. 
People  said  it  was  because  he 
was  a  plain  man  of  the  people. 
That  was  true,  but  it  was 
Lincoln's  love  that  won  the 
love  of  "all  sorts  and  conditions 
of  men."  "Old  Abe"  was  not  a 
term  of  disrespect,  but  of 
endearment.  When  he,  as 
President,  called  for  troops,  and 
more  and  more  troops,  the 
response  was  not  of  complaint, 
but  of  love : 

"We  are  coming,  Father  Abraham, 
Three  hundred  thousand  more," 

the  armies  sang  as  they 
marched  to  danger  and  to 
death.  The  soldiers  fought  for 
very    love   of    Lincoln — the 

[  sixty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 


1  -     ♦!»»»>. 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

Review  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
by  President  Lincoln 

President  who  showed  on  all 
occasions  that  he  loved  "the 
boys,"  as  he  called  them. 
Stanton  and  the  generals  raved 
and  stormed  over  Lincoln's 
"sickly  sentimentality"  in 
pardoning  and  reprieving  and 
saving  so  many  from  death. 
But  every  loyal  soldier  knew 
the     President    cared   for      him. 

[  sixty-three  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

Lincoln  became  the  personi- 
fication of  all  that  the 
United      States      government 

stood  for.  The  soldiers  very  loyalty 
was  nine  parts  love  for  Lincoln.  Such 
devotion  to  a  man  was  one  of 
the  miracles  of  history.  The 
military  devotion  to  Napoleon 
was  nothing  beside  it,  for  that 
love  flagged  and  finally  failed. 
The  love  for  Lincoln  was 
grandly  simple.  //  was  the  response 
of  millions  to  the  Great  Heart  at  the 
seat  of  government.  It  was 
this  love  that  received  so  many 
mothers',  fathers',  sisters' 
petitions,  and  brought  joy 
and  gratitude  into  so  msaiy 
homes,  and  sent  many  a  woman 
away  from  his  presence  saying: 

Why  do  they  tell  that  awful  lie  that 
Mr.  Lincohi  is  an  ugly  man  ?      Why, 

[  sixty- four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

he  has  the  most  beatitifitl  man's  face  I 
ever   saw.     He  looks    like  an  angel'' 

AND  HE  WAS  AN  ANGEL 
OF  LIGHT  AND  LIFE  to 
thousands  of  anxious,  broken 
hearts. 


(Sketrht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

An  example  of  Lincoln's  handicraft. 


[  sixty-five  ] 


(Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

Lincoln  in  his  prime. 

CHAPTER   IV 


LINCOLN,  THE  MAN  OF 

ACTION 

"If  I  ever  get  a  chance  to  hit  that 

thing  [meaning  Slavery],  I'LL 
HIT  IT  HARD"— said  Lincoln 
at  New  Orleans  one  day  when 
he   saw   a  nearly  white  girl 

[  sixty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

auctioned  off  to  the  highest 
bidder  in  a  slave  market. 

"I'LL  HIT  IT  HARD"— 
that  was  the  strong  will  of  Lincoln 
that  made  him  a  master  of  men 
who  often  were  mentally  his 
superiors. 

Yes,  the  Human  Will  is 
boss;  it  is  the  great  dynamo 
that  sets  things  in  motion; 
backed  by  a  strong  body,  a 
sound  mind,  and  a  true  heart, 
it  will  triumph  over  all  diffi- 
culties. 

If  slavery  had  not  been  hit  hard 

— if  its  dragon  head  had  not 
been  pierced  by  the  sword  of 
Lincoln's  Emancipation  Procla- 
mation, there  would  probably  be  no 
Republic  of  the  United  States  to-day. 
Lincoln  was  not  stubborn; 
but  when  he  arrived  at  a  sound 

[  sixty-seven  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

judgment,  when  his  mind  was 
completely  made  up,  he  carried 
the  thing  through  to  the  end, 
and  no  man  could  balk  him. 

/  have  found  my  General"  he 

said  one  day  in  a  little  French 
toy-shop  in  Washington  where 
he  had  gone  to  get  some  toys 
for  his  son  Tad.  The  toymaker 
had  fought  with  Napoleon  and 
was  telling  the  President,  not 
knowing  who  he  was,  why 
Napoleon  had  conquered  in  his 
many  battles.  "He  goes  where  he 
wants  to  go?  said  the  toymaker. 

Lincoln  was  placing  upon 
the  counter  at  the  time  the  toy 
soldiers  that  he  was  buying  for 
his  little  son.  He  stood  in 
front  the  soldier  who  was 
dressed  in  the  uniform  of  a 
general.     The  little  pewter  toy 

[  sixty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

fell  over.  The  toymaker's  wife 
said,   in   her   broken   English: 

"He  no  good,  him  head  heavy;  this  one 
will  stand  up  straight"  and  she 
picked  out  another  soldier  and 
placed  him  at  the  head  of  the 
column. 

" I  have  found  my  General?  mut- 
tered Lincoln  under  his  breath 
as  he  went  out  of  the  toy-shop ; 

uone  who  can  stand  up  and  go  where  he 
wants  to  go" — and  the  next  day  he 
appointed  Grant  commander- 
in-chief,  in  the  face  of  great 
opposition,  and  the  War 
reached  the  stage  of  "the  beginning 
of  the  end! 

Secretary  Stanton's  will 
was  of  unusual  strength,  yet  it 
went  down  before  the  master 
will  of  Lincoln.  Stanton  was 
blustering     about     in    the 

[  sixty-nine  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

White  House  one  day,  declar- 
ing that  he  could  not  and 
would  not  carry  out 
certain  instructions  given 
him  by  the  President.  Old 
Dennis  Hanks  happened  to  be 
there,  and  he  went  to  Lincoln 
and  said:  "  Abe,  if  I  was  as  big  as  you 
are,  I  would  take  him  [Stanton]  over 
my  knee  and  spank  him?  "No? 
replied  Lincoln ;  "Stanton  is  an  able 
and  valuable  man  to  this  nation,  and  I 
am  glad  to  bear  with  his  anger,  for  the 
service  he  can  render  the  people?   But 

when  a  Committee  once  came 
to  the  President  and  brought  a 
message  from  Secretary  Stanton, 
that  he  flatly  refused  to  comply 
with  the  President's  instruc- 
tions, saying:  ° If  Lincoln  gave  you 
such  ait  order  as  that,  he  is  a  blamed 

old  fool?   Lincoln  went  over  to 

[  seventy  ] 


WANAMAKER— -ORIGINATOR 

the   Secretary's    office,   saying: 

"What  Stanton  says  is  nearly  always 
right,  and  if  he  says  I  am  a  blamed 
fool,  I  must  be  one,  hit  I  guess  I  will 
stop  over  and  see  Stanton  right  now? 

"But,  Mr.  President,  it  is 
impossible,"  said  Stanton  to 
Lincoln,  when  they  came  face 
to  face;  "it  is  unreasonable;  I 
cannot  do  it." 

"Mr.  Secretary"  said  Lincoln, 
"IT  WILL  HAVE  TO  BE 
DONE ! "  Lincoln's  eyes  looked 
into  Stanton's  —  Stanton  had 
met  his  master  at  last  —  the 
order  was  carried  out. 

Lincoln  signed  his  immor- 
tal Emancipation  Proclamation, 
freeing  the  slaves,  on  the  first 
day  of  January,  18  63.  His 
strong  will  was  again  exempli- 
fied  on  that  occasion  in  the 

[  seventy-one  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

very  manner  in  which  he 
signed  the  document.  "I  have 
been  shaking  hands  since  9 
o'clock  this  morning,"  he  said  (at 
the  regular  New  Tear's  recep- 
tion),"and  my  right  arm  is  almost 
paralyzed.  If  my  name  ever  goes 
into  history,  it  will  be  for  this  act,  a7id 
my  whole  soul  is  in  it.  If  my  hand 
trembles  when  I  sign  the  Proc- 
lamation, all  who  examine  the 
document  hereafter  will  say 
'he  hesitated.'" 

Lincoln  then  turned  to  the 
table,  took  up  the  pen  again, 
and  slowly,  firmly  wrote 

He  then  looked  up,  smiled, 
and  said  :  "  That  will  do!' 

This  is  the  immortal  paper 
Lincoln  signed,  freeing  the 
slaves : 

[  seventy-two  ] 


EMANCIPATION 
PROCLAMATION 

January  i,  1863. 


Whereas,  on  the  twenty-second  day  of 
September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  sixty-two,  a  procla- 
mation was  issued  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  containing,  among  other 
things,  the  following,  to  wit : 

"That  on  the  first  day  of 
January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
sixty-three,  all  persons  held  as 
slaves  within  any  State,  or  desig- 
nated part  of  a  State,  the  people 
whereof  shall  then  be  in  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  shall 
be  then,  thenceforward,  and  for- 
ever free;  and  the  Executive 
Government  of  the  United  States, 
including  the  military  and  naval 
authority  thereof,  will  recognize 

and  maintain  the  freedom  Of  SUCh  (Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

persons,  and  will  do  no  act  or  acts        Lincoln's  inkstand, 
to  repress  such  persons,  or  any  of  them,  in  any  efforts 
they  may  make  for  their  actual  freedom. 

"  That  the  Executive  will,  on  the  first  day  of  Janu- 
ary aforesaid,  by  proclamation,  designate  the  States 
and  parts  of  States,  if  any,  in  which  the  people  thereof 

[  seventy -three  ' 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

respectively  shall  then  be  in  rebellion  against  the 
United  States  ;  and  the  fact  that  any  State,  or  the 
people  thereof,  shall  on  that  day  be  in  good  faith  rep- 
resented in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  by  mem- 
bers chosen  thereto  at  elections  wherein  a  majority 
of  the  qualified  voters  of  such  State  shall  have  par- 
ticipated, shall  in  the  absence  of  strong  countervailing 
testimony  be  deemed  conclusive  evidence  that  such 
State  and  the  people  thereof  are  not  then  in  rebellion 
against  the  United  States." 

Now,  therefore,  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of 
the  United  States,  by  virtue  of  the  power  in  me  vested 
as  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of  the 
United  States,  in  time  of  actual  armed  rebellion 
against  the  authority  and  government  of  the  United 
States,  and  as  a  fit  and  necessary  war  measure  for 
suppressing  said  rebellion,  do,  on  this  first  day  of  Jan- 
uary, in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  sixty-three,  and  in  accordance  with  my  pur- 
pose to  do  so,  publicly  proclaimed  for  the  full  period 
of  ioo  days  from  the  day  first  above  mentioned,  order 
and  designate  as  the  States  and  parts  of  States  wherein 
the  people  thereof,  respectively,  are  this  day  in  rebel- 
lion against  the  United  States,  the  following,  to  wit : 

Arkansas,  Texas,  Louisiana  (except  the  parishes  of 
St.  Bernard,  Plaquemines,  Jefferson,  St.  John.  St. 
Charles,  St.  James,  Ascension,  Assumption,  Terre- 
bonne, Lafourche,  St.  Mary,  St.  Martin  and  Orleans,  in- 
cludingthe  city  of  New  Orleans),  Mississippi,  Alabama, 
Florida,  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  North  Carolina  and 
Virginia  (except  the  forty-eight  counties  designated 
as  West  Virginia,  and  also  the  counties  of  Berkeley, 
Accomac,  Northampton,  Elizabeth  City,  York, 
Princess  Anne  and  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth),  and 
which  excepted  parts  are  for  the  present  left  precisely 
is  if  this  proclamation  were  not  issued. 

[  seventy-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

And  by  virtue  of  the  power  and  for  the  purpose 
aforesaid,  I  do  order  and  declare  that  all  persons  held 
as  slaves  within  said  designated  States  and  parts  of 
States  are,  and  henceforth  shall  be,  free;  and  that  the 
Executive  Government  of  the  United  States,  includ- 
ing the  military  and  naval  authorities  thereof,  will 
recognize  and  maintain  the  freedom  of  said  persons. 

And  I  hereby  enjoin  upon  the  people  so  declared 
to  be  free  to  abstain  from  all  violence,  unless  in  neces- 
sary self-defence;  and  I  recommend  to  them  that,  in 
all  cases  when  allowed,  they  labor  faithfully  for  rea- 
sonable wages. 

And  I  further  declare  and  make  known  that  such 
persons  of  suitable  condition  will  be  received  into  the 
armed  service  of  the  United  States  to  garrison  forts, 
positions,  stations,  and  other  places,  and  to  man 
vessels  of  all  sorts  in  said  service. 

And  upon  this  act,  sincerely  believed  to  be  an  act  of 
justice,  warranted  by  the  Constitution  upon  military 
necessity,  I  invoke  the  considerate  judgment  of  man- 
kind and  the  gracious  favor  of  Almighty  God. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand 
and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be  affixed. 
Done  at  the  city  of  Washington, 
this  first  day  of  January,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  sixty-three,  and  of  the  United 
States  of  America  the  eighty-seventh. 

By  the  President: 
William  H.  Seward, 
Secretary  of  State. 

[  seventy-five  J 


CHAPTER  V 


THE  LESSON 
OF  LINCOLN'S  LIFE 

And  now,  what  is  the 
lesson  of  Lincoln's  life — for 
boys  and  girls,  for  the  American 

people,  and  even 
for  all  the  world? 
For  a  great  mis- 
sionary once  said 
that  if  he  could 
get  all  of  the  four 
hundred  millions 
of  people  in  China 
to  read  the  simple 
narrative  of  Lin- 
coln's life,  it  would 

(Sketcht  for  the  Wnnnmnker  Primer)      /~]  f~\  tyiat>D   CYT\r\r\    4"Tl  Q  Y"l 
Lincoln   before   his   election,  i860.   U.U  J_LLVJ±  C  gUUU  UJLlCLUL 


[  seventy-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

all ,  that   has   yet   been  accom- 
plished. 

Is  Lincoln  merely  to  be 
held  up  as  a  poor  boy,  without 
birth  or  family,  without 
prestige  or  "pull"  or  environ- 
ment, who  became  President 
of  the  United  States? — an 
example  of  the  American 
notion  that  all  men  are  born 
free  and  equal,  and  that  even 
the  poorest  born  can  become 
the  ruler  of  the  Nation — is  this 
all  that  Lincoln  stands  for  ? 

Are  we  to  look  upon 
Lincoln  as  the  Man  of  Destiny, 
raised  up  by  Providence  in  the 
crisis  of  the  American 
Rebellion  to  save  the  Union — 
as  other  men  before  have  been 
raised  up  as  saviors  in  world 
crises  ? 

[  seventy-seven  ] 


LINCOLN   PRIMER 

Are  we  to  hold  up  Lincoln 
only  as  another  example  of  the 
self-made  man? 

No;  the  true  lesson  of 
Lincoln's  life  is  this  :  He  was  a 
FULL-ROUNDED  MAN— 
the  man  of  physical  strength,  the 
man  of  master  mind,  the  man 
of  great  heart,  and  the  man  of 
strong  will — and  only  the  FULL- 
ROUNDED  MAN  can 
accomplish  that  great  success 
in  life  which  is  enduring. 

Napoleon  was  a  man 
of  great  physical  strength  and 
endurance,  yes ;  and  he  was  a 
man  of  great  mind,  yes  ;  and 
he  was  a  man  of  tremendous 

will,  yes — but  he  lacked  a  true  heart ; 
and  because  of  this  serious  lack  in  his 
make-up,  Napoleon  s  wonderful  success 
turned  later  into  disastrotcs  ruin. 

[  seventy-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

The  man  wlio  lives  in  his- 
tory, the  man  who  accomplishes 
great,  enduring  works  for 
civilization,  is  the  man,  you 
will  always  find,  who  had  the  four 
great     sides     of     true    manhood — a 

strong  BODY,  a  well-developed 
MIND,  a  true  HEART,  and  a 
strong,  safe  WILL. 

If  you  would  be  helped  by 

this  little  Primer  on  Abraham 
Lincoln,  think  always  of  him  as 
the  man  who  did  things — 

"WITH  ALL  HIS  STRENGTH 
WITH  ALL  HIS  MIND 
WITH  ALL  HIS  HEART 
WITH  ALL  HIS  WILL. 

And  if  you  happen  to 
inherit  a  weak  body  (which, 
however,  can  be  strengthened 
by  right  living),  or  feel  that  your 

[  seventy-nine  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

mind  has  not  the  capacity  of  a 
great  scholar's,  remember  that 
your  HEART  is  your  very  own 
and  that  your  heart  is  what  you 
make  it. 

And  remember  that  in 
Lincoln  it  was  his  Heart  that 
prompted  the  Emancipation 
Proclamation.  It  was  his  Head 
that  was  too  slow  for  the  North- 
ern abolitionists.  It  was  his 
Heart  that  crowned  his  life 
with  immortal  success. 

And  it  was  because  of  his 
great  HEART  that  when 
Lincoln  was  assassinated,  mil- 
lions of  grown  men  wept,  men 
who  had  never  been  known  to 
weep,  even  over  their  own 
private  griefs  and  losses — "wept 
with  the  passion  of  an  angry  grief. ' 

f  eighty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Whatever  may  be  said 
about  inequalities  of  mental 
gifts  or  of  the  accidents  of 
birth  or  fortune,  the  HEART 
is  the  one  thing  in  which  all  of  us  are 
created  free    and    equal.      It    may 

grow  up  in  kindness  and  love, 
or  be  allowed  to  grow  rank 
with  malice  and  hatred. 
Lincoln's  life-story  stands 
beside  that  of  Joseph  and 
of  Moses.  Throughout  his 
difficult  and  stormy  career  it 
was    his    HEART    that    kept 

Lincoln  true  and  made  him  live  the 
life  expressed  in  those  immortal 
words  which  he  uttered  only  a 
few  days  before  his  martyrdom : 

With     malice    toward   none ;     with 
charity  for  all? 


[  eighty-one  ] 


LINCOLN'S 
AUTOBIOGRAPHY 

Springfield,  December  20,  1859. 
J.  W.  Fell,  Esq. 
My  Dear  Sir: 

Herewith  is  a  little  sketch,  as  you  re- 
quested. There  is  not  much  of  it,  for  the  reason,  I 
suppose,  that  there  is  not  much  of  me.     If  anything 

be  made  of  it,  I  wish  it  to  be 
modest,  and  not  to  go  beyond 
the  material.     .     .     . 

I  was  born  February  12, 
1 809,  in  Hardin  County,  Ken- 
tucky. My  parents  were  both 
born  in  Virginia,  of  undistin- 
guished families — second  fam- 
ilies, perhaps  I  should  say. 
My  mother,  who  died  in  my 
tenth  year,  was  of  a  family 
by  the  name  of  Hanks. 
My  paternal  grandfather, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  emigrated 
to  Kentucky  about  1781  or 
1782,  where,  a  year  or  two 
later,  he  was  killed  by  the  In- 

(Sketeht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer)        dians,     not    in  battle,   but  by 

Lincoln    in    1848— e  arli  e  s  t  stealth,  when  he  was  laboring 
known    picture    of    Lincoln.  .  .,       r 

(From  collection  of  Mr.  F.  H.  to  °Pen  a  farm  m   the  forest' 

Meserve,  New  York  City.)  His      ancestors,     who     were 

[  eighty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Quakers,    went    to    Virginia   from    Berks    County, 
Pennsylvania.     .     .     . 

My  father,  at  the  death  of  his  father,  was  but  six 
years  of  age,  and  grew  up  literally  without  education. 
He  removed  from  Kentucky  to  what  is  now  Spencer 
County,  Indiana,  in  my  eighth  year.  .  .  .  There  I 
grew  up.  There  were  some  schools,  so  called,  but  no 
qualification  was  ever  required  of  a  teacher  beyond 
"readin',  writin',  and  cipherin'  to  the  rule  of 
three."  .  .  .  There  was  absolutely  nothing  to 
excite  ambition  for  education.  ...  Of  course, 
when  I  came  of  age  I  did  not  know  much. 
I  have  not  been  to  school  since.  The  little  advance  I 
now  have  upon  this  store  of  education  I  have  picked 
up  from  time  to  time  under  the  pressure  of 
necessity.     .     .     . 

I  was  raised  to  farm  work,  which  I  continued 
until  I  was  twenty-two.  At  twenty-one  I  came  to 
Illinois,  Macon  County.  Then  I  got  to  New  Salem, 
where  I  remained  a  year  as  a  sort  of  clerk,  in  a  store. 
Then  came  the  Black  Hawk  War;  and  I  was  elected  a 
captain  of  volunteers,  which  gave  me  more  pleasure 
than  any  I  have  had  since.  I  went  the  campaign, 
was  elated,  ran  for  the  Legislature  the  same  year 
(1832)  and  was  beaten — the  only  time  I  was  ever 
beaten  by  the  people.  The  next  and  three  succeed- 
ing biennial  elections,  I  was  elected  to  the  Legisla- 
ture. I  was  not  a  candidate  afterward.  During  this 
legislative  period  I  had  studied  law,  and  removed  to 
Springfield  to  practise  it.  In  1846  I  was  elected  to 
the  Lower  House  of  Congress.  Was  not  a  candidate 
for  re-election.  From  1849  to  1854,  both  inclusive, 
practised  law  more  assiduously  than  ever  before. 
Always  a  Whig  in  politics,  and  generally  on  the  elec- 
toral tickets,  making  active  canvasses.  I  was  losing 
interest  in  politics  when  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri 

[  eighty-three  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

Compromise  aroused  me  again.  What  I  have  done 
since  is  pretty  well  known. 

If  any  personal  description  is  thought  desirable, 
it  may  be  said  I  am,  in  height,  six  feet  four  inches, 

nearly ;  lean  in  flesh,  weighing  on  an  average  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty  pounds;  dark  complexion,  with 
coarse  black  hair  and  gray  eyes.  No  other  marks 
and  brands  recollected. 

Yours  trulv, 

A.  LINCOLN. 


LINCOLN  CHRONOLOGY 

1806 — Thomas  Lincoln  and  Nancy  Hanks  married,  June  12,  in 
Kentucky. 

1809 — Birth  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  February  12,  in  Hardin,  now 
La  Rue  County,  Ky. 

1816 — Removal  to  Indiana,  where  the  family  settled  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Gentryville. 

1818 — Death  of  Abraham  Lincoln's  mother. 

1828 — First  trip  in  a  flat-boat  to  New  Orleans. 

1830 — Removal  of  the  Lincolns  to  Macon  County,  Illinois. 

1831 — Second  trip  to  New  Orleans,  returning  from  which 
Abraham  leaves  his  father's  cabin  behind  him  and  settles 
in  New  Salem,  a  small  town  on  the  Sangamon  River,  to 
become  a  clerk  in  Denton  Offutt's  store. 

1832 — Announces  his  candidacy  for  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and 
enlists  for  the  Black  Hawk  War.  Upon  his  return  he  is 
defeated  for  the  Legislature,  the  only  defeat  he  ever 
suffered  at  the  hands  of  the  people.  Establishes  the  firm 
of  Berry  &  Lincoln,  "grocery  keepers,"  in  New  Salem. 

1833 — Appointed  postmaster  in  New  Salem.  Closes  the  "gro- 
cery' later,  to  study  surveying  and  read  law. 

1834 — Elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature  by  a  large  majority. 

1835 — Death  of  his  first  love,  Anne  Rutledge. 

1836 — Re-elected  to  the  Legislature. 

1837 — Settles  in  Springfield,  the  county  seat,  to  take  up  the 
practice  of  law  with  Major  John  T.  Stuart. 

[  eighty-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

1838 — Re-elected  to  the  Legislature,  in  which  he  is  the  Whig 
candidate  for  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

1840 — Re-elected  to  the  Legislature,  again  to  be  his  party's 
candidate  for  Speaker  'Stumps"  the  State  for  'Tippe- 
canoe and  Tyler  too." 

1841 — Forms  law  partnership  with  Stephen  T.  Logan  onder 
the  firm  name  of  Logan  &  Lincoln. 

1842 — Duel  with  James  Shields,  and  marriage,  November  4,  to 
Man-  Todd. 

1S44 — Heads  Illinois  electoral  ticket  for  Henry  Clay,  the  Whig 
candidate  for  President. 

-_: — Law  firm  of  Lincoln  &  Herndon  organized. 

1846 — Elected  to  Congress  over  Peter  Cartwrieht,  frontier 
evangelist  and  Democrat. 

1848 — "Stumps"  the  Eastern  States  for  Zachary  Taylor. 

1849 — Failure  to  secure  the_  appointment  as  Commissioner  of 
the  General  Land  Office.  Offered  the  Governorship  of 
Oregon,  which  he  declines  on  his  wife's  account 

1854 — The  principle  of  popular  sovereignty  proclaimed,  and 
the  first  of  Lincoln's  debates  with  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las on  the  slavery  question,  but  becomes  the  Anti-Nebras- 
kan  candidate  for  United  States  Senator,  withdrawing 
later  in  favor  of  Lyman  Trumbull,  who  is  elected. 

1S56 — Joins  the  Republican  party,  and  receives  no  votes  for  Vice- 
President  on  the  first  Republican  national  ticket,  headed 
by  John  C.  Fremont. 

;;:S — Contests  Douglas's  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate  in 
a  remarkable  series  of  debates,  but  fails  of  election, 
though  the  large  popular  vote  was  in  his  favor. 

1859 — Speaks  for  the  Republicans  of  Ohio  at  Columbus  and 
Cincinnati,  and  visits  Kansas. 

i860 — Cooper  Institute  speech  :n  New  York  City  in  February, 
followed  by  ?.  tour  of  New  England,  with  speeches  in 
Connecticut,  Rhode  Island  and  New  Hampshire.  Illinois 
Republicans  at  Decatur  make  him  their  candidate  for 
President.  Nominated  over  William  H.  Seward,  of  New 
York,  for  the  Presidency  at  the  Chicago  Convention, 
and  elected  as  the  '"Rail  Candidate"  in  November. 

1861 — Leaves  Springfield  for  Washington,  speaking  at  many 
points  in  Indiana,  Ohio.  New  York.  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania  on  his  way.  Inaugurated  President  of  the 
United  States.  March  4.  Assault  ur:r.  F:rt  Surr.ter, 
April  12,  and  beginning  of  the  War.  Disastrous  Fed- 
eral reverse  at  Bui!  Run  on  July  21.  Calls  for  troops. 
Seizure  of  Mason  and  SlidelL  and  a  narrow  escape  from 
war  with  Great  Britain, 

[  eighty-five  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 


1862 — McClellan' s  advance  into  Virginia  for  the  unsuccessful 
Peninsular  campaign.  Pope's  undoing  at  the  second 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  the  battle  of  Antietam,  which 
checked  Lee's  northern  movement.  Emancipation  policy 
announced,  September  22.  McClellan  relieved  from  duty, 
to  be  followed  by  Burnside. 

1863 — Emancipation  proclaimed,  January  1.  The  disaster  at 
Fredericksburg.  Appointment  of  Hooker  to  command 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  The  battle  of  Chancellors- 
ville  and  .Lee's  determination  to  invade  the  North. 
Meade  supersedes  Hooker.  The  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
July  1,  2  and  3,  by  which  the  Confederates  are  driven 
South  again.  Grant's  capture  of  Vicksburg,  July  4,  and 
his  appointment  to  command  all  the  Western  armies. 
The  victories  around  Chattanooga. 

[864 — Grant  appointed  Lieutenant-General  and  Commander-in- 
Chief  in  March.  Lincoln  renominated  for  the  Presi- 
dency. The  bloody  battles  of  the  Wilderness  and  Grant's 
march  to  Petersburg.  Sheridan's  operations  in  the  Shen- 
andoah Valley.  Sherman's  capture  of  Atlanta,  and  his 
march  to  the  sea.  Election  of  Lincoln  for  a  second  term, 
over  McClellan,  the  Democratic  candidate. 

1865 — Thirteenth  Amendment  passed  by  Congress  and  referred 
to  the  States.  Hampton  Roads  conference  with  Con- 
federate Commissioners,  February  3.  Lee's  evacuation 
of  Richmond  and  his  surrender  to  Grant,  April  9.  Lin- 
coln visits  Richmond,  returning  from  which  he  is  shot 
by  John  Wilkes  Booth,  in  Ford's  Theatre,  Washington, 
April  14.  Death  on  April  15,  and  burial  in  Springfield, 
Illinois,  May  4. 


|V 


1  Sketcht  for  the  Wanamaker  Primer) 

The  well  on  the  Lincoln  farm. 

[  eighty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

FROM  LINCOLN'S  FIRST  INAUGURAL 

March  4,  1861. 

I  am  loath  to  close.  We  are  not  enemies,  but 
friends.  We  must  not  be  enemies.  Though  passion 
may  have  strained,  it  must  not  break  our  bonds  of 
affection.  The  mystic  chords  of  memory,  stretching 
from  every  battlefield  and  patriot  grave  to  every 
living  heart  and  hearthstone  all  over  this  broad  land, 
will  yet  swell  the  chorus  of  the  Union  when  again 
touched,  as  surely  they  will  be,  by  the  better  angels 
of  our  nature. 

FROM  LINCOLN'S  SECOND  INAUGURAL 

March  4,  1865. 
With  malice  toward  none;  with  charity  for  all; 
with  firmness  in  the  right,  as  God  gives  us  to  see  the 
right,  let  us  strive  on  to  finish  the  work  we  are  in ;  to 
bind  up  the  nation's  wounds;  to  care  for  him  who 
shall  have  borne  the  battle,  and  for  his  widow  and  his 
orphan — to  do  all  which  may  achieve  and  cherish  a 
just  and  lasting  place  among  ourselves,  and  with  all 
nations. 

LINCOLN'S  GETTYSBURG  ORATION 

Delivered  November  19,  1863. 

Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought 
forth  on  this  continent,  a  new  nation,  conceived  in 
Liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all 
men  are  created  equal. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing 
whether  that  nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and 
so  dedicated,  can  long  endure.  We  are  met  on  a 
great  battlefield  of  that  war.  We  have  come  to  dedi- 
cate a  portion  of  that  field,  as  a  final  resting  place  for 
those  who  here  gave  their  lives  that  that  nation 
might  live.  It  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that 
we  should  do  this. 

[  eighty-seven  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

But,  in  a  larger  sense,  we  can  not  dedicate — we 
can  not  consecrate — we  can  not  hallow — this  ground. 
The  brave  men,  living  and  dead — who  struggled  here, 
have  consecrated  it,  far  above  our  poor  power  to  add 
or  detract.  The  world  will  little  note,  nor  long  remember 
what  we  say  here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they 
did  here.  It  is  for  us  the  living,  rather,  to  be  dedicated 
here  to  the  unfinished  work  which  they  who  fought 
here  have  thus  far  so  nobly  advanced.  It  is  rather 
for  us  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remain- 
ing before  us — that  from  these  honored  dead  we  take 
increased  devotion  to  that  cause  for  which  they  gave 
the  last  full  measure  of  devotion — that  we  here  highly 
resolve  that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in  vain — 
that  this  nation,  under  God,  shall  have  a  new  birth  of 
freedom — and  that  government  of  the  people,  by  the 
people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the 
earth. 

LINCOLN'S  ADDRESS  AT  INDEPENDENCE 

HALL 

Philadelphia,  February  22,  1861. 

I  am  filled  with  deep  emotion  at  finding  myself 
standing  in  this  place,  where  were  collected  together 
the  wisdom,  the  patriotism,  the  devotion  to  principle, 
from  which  sprang  the  institutions  under  which  we 
live. 

You  have  Kindly  suggested  to  me  that  in  my 
hands  is  the  task  of  restoring  peace  to  our  distracted 
country.  I  can  say  in  return,  sir,  that  all  the  political 
sentiments  I  entertain  have  been  drawn,  so  far  as  I 
have  been  able  to  draw  them,  from  the  sentiments 
which  originated  in  and  were  given  to  the  world 
from  this  hall.  I  have  never  had  a  feeling,  politi- 
cally, that  did  not  spring  from  the  sentiments  embod- 
ied in  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

[  eighty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

I  have  often  pondered  over  the  dangers  which 
were  incurred  by  the  men  who  assembled  here  and 
framed  and  adopted  that  Declaration.  I  have  pon- 
dered over  the  toils  that  were  endured  by  the  officers 
and  soldiers  of  the  army  who  achieved  that  inde- 
pendence, I  have  often  inquired  of  myself  what  great 
principle  or  idea  it  was  that  kept  this  Confederacy  so 
long  together.  It  was  not  the  mere  matter  of  the 
separation  of  the  colonies  from  the  motherland,  but 
that  sentiment  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
which  gave  liberty,  not  alone  to  the  people  of  this 
country,  but  hope  to  all  the  world,  for  all  future  time. 
It  was  that  which  gave  promise  that  in  due  time  the 
weights  would  be  lifted  from  the  shoulders  of  all  men, 
and  that  all  should  have  an  equal  chance.  This  is 
the  sentiment  embodied  in  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. 

Now,  my  friends,  can  this  country  be  saved  on 
this  basis?  If  it  can,  I  will  consider  myself  one  of  the 
happiest  men  in  the  world  if  I  can  help  to  save  it.  If 
it  cannot  be  saved  upon  that  principle,  it  will  be  truly 
awful.  But  if  this  country  cannot  be  saved  without 
giving  up  that  principle,  I  was  about  to  say  I  would 
rather  be  assassinated  on  this  spot  than  surrender  it. 

Now,  in  my  view  of  the  present  aspect  of  affairs, 
there  is  no  need  of  bloodshed  and  war.  There  is  no 
necessity  for  it.  I  am  not  in  favor  of  such  a  course; 
and  I  may  say  in  advance  that  there  will  be  no  blood- 
shed unless  it  is  forced  upon  the  government.  The 
government  will  not  use  force  unless  force  is  used 
against  it. 

My  friends,  this  is  wholly  an  unprepared  speech. 
I  did  not  expect  to  be  called  on  to  say  a  word  when  I 
came  here.  I  supposed  I  was  merely  to  do  some- 
thing toward  raising  a  flag.     I  may,  therefore,  have 

[  eighty-nine  ] 


LINCOLN    PRIMER 

said  something  indiscreet.  But  I  have  said  nothing 
but  what  I  am  willing  to  live  by,  and,  if  it  be  the  pleas- 
ure of  Almighty  God,  to  die  by. 

4LET  ME  ENTREAT  YOU  TO  GOME  BACK!" 

From  Lincoln's  speech  at  Lewistown,  111.,  August 
17,  1858,  during  the  Douglas  Debate,  a  speech 
which  the  "  Chicago  Tribune "  called  Lincoln's 
greatest  inspiration. 

My  countrymen,  if  you  have  been  taught  doc- 
trines conflicting  with  the  great  landmarks  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  if  you  have  listened 
to  suggestions  which  would  take  away  from  its 
grandeur  and  mutilate  the  fair  symmetry  of  its  pro- 
portions; if  you  have  been  inclined  to  believe  that 
all  men  are  not  created  equal  in  those  inalienable 
rights  in  our  chart  of  liberty,  let  me  entreat  you  to 
come  back!  Return  to  the  fountain  whose  waters 
spring  close  by  the  blood  of  the  Revolution.  .  .  . 
You  may  do  anything  with  me  you  choose,  if  you 
will  but  heed  these  sacred  principles;  you  may  not 
only  defeat  me  for  the  Senate,  but  you  may  take  me 
and  put  me  to  death.  ...  I  charge  you  to  drop 
every  paltry  and  insignificant  thought  for  any  man's 
success.  It  is  nothing  ;  I  am  nothing  ;  Judge 
Douglas  is  nothing.  But  do  not  destroy  that  im- 
mortal emblem  of  Humanity — the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 


[  ninety  J 


THE  RULE  OF  FOUR 


With  all  my  STRENGTH 
With  all  my  MIND 
With  all  my  HEART 
With  all  my  WILL 


I  SERVE  THE  PUBLIC 

at 
THE 

WANAMAKER  STORES 


[  ninety-one  | 


CHAPTER  I 

With  all  my  STRENGTH 
With  all  my  MIND 
With  all  my  HEART 
With  all  my  WILL 

These  are  common  every- 
day sayings.  With  all  my 
Strength,  with  all  my  Mind, 
with  all  my  Heart,  with  all  my 
Will.  We  use  the  expressions 
frequently,  not  realizing  fully 
what  they  mean.  In  a  hazy  sort 
of  "way  we  know  they  indicate 
Power,  but  we  do  not  analyze 
that  power,  to  see  whence  it 
comes  and  what  it  can  do. 

What  we  really  mean  to 
express  (without  knowing  it)  is 

this :  /  will  do  my  best,  I  will  exert  my 

[  ninety-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

utmost  power — physical,  mental,  moral, 
and  I  will  make  t/iat  power  active.    A. 

locomotive  lias  great  latent 
power  even  when  at  rest,  but 
until  the  engineer  opens  the 
throttle  and  makes  that  power 
active,  the  locomotive  accom- 
plishes nothing. 

We  are  all  much  like  a 
locomotive.  We  feed  fuel 
(food)  into  our  bodies  to  "get  up 
steam"  (energy),  but  unless  we 
direct  that  energy  with  intelli- 
gent and  moral  action  (using 
our  brains  and  our  hearts  and 
our  wills,  as  the  engineer  uses 
his  throttle)  we  do  not  get  far 
along  the  road  of  life. 

Each  of  these  sayings — with 
all  my  Strength,  with  all  my 
Mind,  with  all  my  Heart,  with 

[  ninety-three  ] 


THE   RULE    OF   FOUR 

all  my  Will — is  really  a  Rule  of 
Life — and,  uniting  them,  they 
become  the  Rule  of  Fotcr,  form- 
ing a  chart  of  conduct  leading  to 
the  completion  of  the  four 
segments  of  the  whole  man  or  woman. 


[  ninety-four  ] 


CHAPTER  II 

"With  All   My   STRENGTH" 

Johnny  was  tossing  in  his 
sleep.  His  breath  came  in  short 
gasps.  He  began  to  choke — 
and  was  wide  awake  in  an  in- 
stant—for his  room  was  filled 
with  smoke  and  the  cry  of 
"Fire  /"  rang  through  the  house. 

Johnnie  was  nine  years  old. 
His  father  was  dead.  His 
mother  was  a  cripple  and  could 
not  move  from  her  bed  by  her- 
self. Johnnie  and  his  mother 
slept  in  the  same  room  and  they 
locked  the  door  at  night.  The 
only  other  people  in  the  house 
were  the  housekeeper,  old  and 
feeble,  and  a  young  girl,  fifteen 
years  old,  who  took  care  of 
Johnnie's  mother. 

[  ninety-five  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

It  was  this  young  girl  who 
discovered  the  fire  and  whose 
cry  of  alarm  had  awakened 
Johnny.  With  a  bound  he  was 
out  of  bed  and  by  his  mother's 
side.  "Be  brave,  dear"  said  his 
mother,  "and  open  the  door;  some 
one  will  save  us." 

Johnny  sprang  to  the  door, 
gave  the  knob  a  turn,  then  re- 
membered the  door  was  locked. 
But  the  key  wasn't  there !  He 
felt  on  the  floor,  but  couldn't 
find  it.  ' Where s  the  key?  mother, 
quick — where s  the  key?'       But    his 

mother  could  not  tell  him. 
For  the  first  time  (for  she  was 
a  brave  woman !)  the  cold  chill 
of  fear  swept  down  her  back — 
fear  more  for  her  darling  boy 
than  for  herself,  for  she  was 
used  to  suffering. 

[  ninety-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

" Ptill  at  the  lock,  John,  ptish 
the  door,  throw  your  body  against  it, 
and  be  quick,  be  quick?  gasped  his 

mother,  for  the  smoke  was 
pouring  in  the  transom  and 
they  could  hear  the  crackle  of 
the  flames. 

"/ — cant —  break — open  —  the — 
door—  mother—  I      HAVEN'T  — 

THE  — STRENGTH"  — and 

poor  Johnny  sank  to  the  floor 
with  a  moan. 

For  an  instant  mother  and 
boy  lay  sobbing.  Suddenly 
there  was  a  bang  on  the  door 
from  without.  A  great  weight 
crushed  against  it — once,  twice 
— and  a  man's  voice  rang  out — 

"Keep  as  near  the  floor  as  you  can — 

below    the    smoke,    and   I   will  break 

down  the  door!'  Again  there 
was  a  crash — and  again — and 

[  ninety-seven  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

the  door  burst  open.  Two  strong 
men,  neighbors,  who  had  seen 
the  fire,  rushed  in.  One  picked 
up  the  bed-ridden  mother.  The 
other,  stumbling  over  Johnny 
on  the  floor,  picked  him  up. 
And  both  were  carried,  through 
flame  and  smoke,  to  safety. 

When  Johnny  was  revived, 
he  was  lying  in  the  neighbor's 
house,  by  the  side  of  his  mother, 
and  the  first  words  he  spoke 
were:  "Mother,  I  wasn't  strong 
eno^lgh,  but — when — / — get  to  be — a 
man— I  WILL  BE  STRONG— 
wont  I?y 

Strength,Physical  Strength, 
Brawn,  Muscle.  This  is  the 
starting  point  for  business. 
Strength  comes  from  our  bodies. 
We  own  our  bodies.  Our  bod- 
ies are  our  birth-right.     To 

[  ninety-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

make  them  strong  our  mothers 
gave  us  their  own  strength,  our 
fathers  work  hard  that  we  may 
have  proper  food  to  nourish  us 
and  make  us  strong.  But  we 
must  do  our  part  to  become  physically 
strong  and  to  hold  our  strength  all 
through  life. 

Strength  comes  from  Health. 
Health  comes  from  right  living. 
Right  living  is  merely  living  in 
harmony  with  N attire.  The  laws  of 
Health  are:  nourish  the  body, 
but  do  not  overfeed  it ;  exercise 
the  body,  but  give  it  proper 
rest  to  recuperate ;  cleanse 
the  body,  within  and  without ; 
do  not  abuse  the  body;  breathe 
deeply  of  pure  fresh  air ;  and 
think  good  thoughts. 

Nature  intends  every  boy 

[  ninety-nine  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

and  girl,  every  man  and  woman, 
to  be  strong  physically.  When 
we  are  not  strong,  either  we  are 
disobeying  the  laws  of  Nature, 
or  our  ancestors  have  disobeyed 
them  and  we  have  inherited 
weak  bodies — but  in  most  in- 
stances even  a  weak  body  can 
be  made  strong  by  right  living. 
Let  us  see  what  Nature  asks 
us  to  do  to  become  strong.  To 
learn  this  we  must  get  as  close 
to  Nature  as  possible.  The  wild 
lion  is  strong  because  he  lives 
according  to  the  laws  of  Nature. 
His  instinct  tells  him  how  to 
live.  The  lion  in  captivity 
loses  some  of  this  strength. 
The  wild  horse  is  stronger  than 
the  domesticated  horse.  When 
we   begin   to   domesticate   any 

[  one  hundred  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

wild  animal  it  becomes  subject 
to  disease  and  soon  loses  its 
strength.  The  wild  oxen  that 
race  up  and  down  the  wind- 
swept plains  are  never  sick. 
But  domesticated  cattle  fre- 
quently have  tuberculosis. 
Wild  birds  are  rarely  ill.  Birds 
in  captivity  must  be  watched 
constantly,  kept  out  of  draughts, 
given  proper  food,  or  they  soon 
sicken  and  die. 

The  lesson  is  this:  live  ac- 
cording to  the  laws  of  Nature  and  we 
keep  well  and  strong;  live  contrary 
to  any  of  these  laws  and  we 
sicken  and  grow  weak. 

What  are  these  laws  of 
Nature  ? 

Stud3r  the  habits  of  a  wild 

animal  that  lives  close  to 
Nature. 

[  one  hundred  and  one  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

In  the  first  place,  he  eats 
only  when  he  is  hungry — and 
he  rarely  over-eats.  He  drinks 
when  he  is  thirsty — and  he 
never  drinks  anything  but 
water.  He  sleeps  in  the  open 
air — goes  to  sleep  when  the  sun 
sets  and  gets  awake  when  it 
rises.  He  takes  exercise.  He 
rests.  Instinct  tells  him  what 
to  do,  how  to  do  it,  when  to  do 
it — and  lie  does  it. 

If  man  lived  in  a  state  of 
Nature,  his  instinct  would  tell 
him  how  to  live  according  to 
the  laws  of  Nature.  But  with 
the  refinements  of  civilization 
have  come  so  many  abuses,  and 
as  man  is  a  free  agent,  having 
the  power  of  choice,  his  instinct 
is  no  longer  a  guide;  he  must 
learn  (through   his  mind)  the 

[  one  hundred  and  two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

laws   of   Nature  and  (through 
his  will)  must  obey  them. 

Adapting  to  man  the  laws 
of  Health  as  we  find  them  in 
the  wild  animal,  we  may  lay 
down  these  rules : 

1.  Breathe  right,  Live  in  the 
open  as  much  as  possible.  Open 
the  windows  in  your  sleeping- 
room.  Breathe  fresh,  pure  air 
always,  and  take  deep,  long 
breaths.  Few  people  use  all  of 
their  lungs — they  fill  only  half 
of  the  air-cells.  This  brings  on 
tuberculosis.  The  purpose  of 
breathing  is  to  take  in  oxygen 
to  purify  the  blood.  Air  is  the 
most  valuable  thing  in  the 
world — yet  we  value  it  the  least. 
We  can  live  for  days  without 
anything  else,  without  even 
food  or  water,  but  we  can't  live 

[  one  hundred  and  three  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

even  a  few  minutes  without 
air.  The  more  pure  air  we 
breathe  into  our  lungs  the  more 
blood  we  purify,  and  pure  blood 
is  the  river  of  life. 

2.    Eat  and  drink    right.     Bat 

only  food  that  nourishes  the 
body  and  eat  only  enough  to 
keep  well  and  strong.  Nearly 
every  one  over-eats  and  under- 
breathes.  If  we  under-ate  and 
over-breathed  we  would  be 
better  off.  "We  should  leave 
the  dining-table  still  hungry. 
"Whenever  you  feel  that  you 
want  "just  another  piece"  call  a 
halt.  Avoid  rich  foods.  Eat 
little  pastry.  Drink  only  water 
— and  plenty  of  it — remember 
the  strength  of  the  lion,  which 
drinks  nothing  but  water.  If 
we  never  drink  coffee,  or  tea,  or 

[  one  hundred  and  four  1 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

liquor,  we  will  never  feel  the 
need  of  stimulants. 

3.    Work  right;  rest  right;   play 

right.  If  you  work  with  your 
hands  all  day  long — do  physical 
labor — you  will  want  to  rest 
your  body  in  the  evening,  and 
your  play  and  recreation  will 
then  be  mental.  Read  or  hear 
a  good  lecture  or  listen  to  some 
good  music,  or  have  a  good  talk 
with  some  one  who  knows  more 
than  you — we  learn  by  associ- 
ating with  people  who  are  our 
mental  superiors.' 

If  your  labor  has  been  men- 
tal— if  you  have  been  sitting  at 
a  desk  all  day — your  play  and 
rest  should  be  physical.  Take 
exercise.  Play  ball  or  tennis 
or   golf,  or    ride    horse-back — 

[  one  hundred  and  five  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

or  chop  wood  for  your  mother 
— anything  that  will  exercise 
your  body  and  keep  you  in  the 
open  air. 

Many  great  men  who 
worked  all  day  mentally  formed 
the  habit  of  doing  physical  la- 
bor as  rest.  President  James 
Madison  had  a  cabinet  shop 
where  he  would  make  tables 
and  chairs  when  he  became 
mind-weary.  Gladstone,  to  rest 
his  brain  and  exercise  his  body, 
would  go  out  into  the  woods 
and  chop  down  trees. 

Rest  and  play  go  together. 
Rest  does  not  merely  mean 
going  to  sleep.  Sleep  is  rest, 
but  so  is  play.  Any  change  of 
occupation  is  rest. 

Playing  right  is  the  same 
as  exercising  right.     All  exer- 

[  one  hundred  and  six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

cise  is  play — is  recreation — if 
properly  taken.  Those  who 
have  not  time  for  out-door 
sports  should  take  systematic 
exercise  in  their  own  homes 
when  they  arise  in  the  morning. 
Ten  minutes  is  enough  time 
for  this,  if  the  exercise  is  taken 
every  day. 

4.  Keep  the  body  clean  and  pure 

— inside  and  out.  Bathe  every 
morning  when  you  get  up — in 
water  the  same  temperature  as 
the  air  in  the  room.  Some  peo- 
ple get  good  results  from  cold 
baths,  but  not  every  one  can 
stand  a  cold  bath.  Cold  air  in 
your  sleeping-room  and  a  cold 
bath  are  both  tonics — very  good, 
indeed,  if  your  system  is  accus- 
tomed to  them. 

5.  Do  not  abuse  the  body — with 

[  one  hundred  and  seven  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

over-eating,  over-drinking,over- 
work,  over-rest  (laziness)  or 
excesses  of  any  kind.  The  best 
guide  is  your  feelings.  If  you 
fell  well  and  strong  and  in  good 
spirits,  you  are  taking  proper 
care  of  your  body.  If  you  feel 
sick  and  tired  and  sleepy  and 
weak  or  out  of  sorts  generally, 
take  strict  note  at  once  of  your 
manner  of  living,  for  you  are 
doing  something  you  ought  not 
to  do  or  you  are  failing  to  do 
something  you  ought  to  do.  A 
few  minutes'  thought  about 
your  mode  of  life  will  usually 
tell  you  what  is  wrong.  If  your 
own  inspection  will  not  tell 
you,  consult  a  good  physician 
who  will  put  you  on  the  right 
track  again. 

[  one  hundred  and  eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

6.  Dorit  worry ;  dont  fear ;  have 
faith ;  think  good  and  cheerf til  thoughts. 

The  mind  lias  great  power 
over  the  body — as  we  shall  show 
in  a  later  chapter.  Thought 
has  great  influence  on  health 
and  strength.  It  is  absolutely 
true  that  to  keep  well  and  strong 
we  must  think  good,  pure,  cheer- 
ful thoughts,  and  we  must 
banish  from  our  minds  all 
worry  and  fear. 

Fear  is  the  highway  rob- 
ber that  waits  for  us  'round  the 
corner  and  sandbags  us  into 
inaction. 

Worry  is  the  second-story 
thief  who  steals  away  our 
brains  and  strength  and  health 
and  will  power. 

If  we  are  strong  physically, 
mentally   and   morally,    there 

[one  hundred  and  nine  ] 


THE   RULE    OF    FOUR 

will  be  no  room  for  fear  or 
worry  in  our  thoughts.  We 
will  then  have  faith — faith  in 
ourselves,  faith  in  our  fellow- 
beings,  faith  in  the  work  we 
are  doing,  and  faith  that  law 
rules  the  Universe  and  that  we 
will  keep  well  and  strong  and 
become  successful  if  we  but 
live  in  accord  with  natural 
laws.  If  we  obey  Nature's  laws 
first,  we  need  never  worry  about 
human  laws. 

So,  you  see,  the  way  to  keep 
good  and  cheerful  thoughts  in 
your  mind  is  to  keep  your  body 
well  and  strong;  and  one  help 
toward  keeping  your  body  well 
and  strong  is  to  think  good  and 
cheerful  thoughts.  Bad  habits 
come  from  bad  thoughts.     The 

[  one  hundred  and  ten  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

thought  comes  before  the  habit. 
So  if  we  keep  bad  thoughts  out 
of  our  minds,  we  keep  our  bod- 
ies from  falling  into  bad  habits. 
And  if  we  keep  bad  thoughts 
out  of  our  minds,  good  thoughts 
will  enter;  for  the  mind,  when 
awake,  is  always  filled  with 
thoughts  of  some  kind — it  is 
never  a  blank. 

And  now  we  come  to  the 
last  rule  for  keeping  the  body 
well  and  strong;  and  that  is: 

6.  Sleep  the  sleep  of  Health. 

What  is  this  sort  of  sleep? 
"Well,  it  is  not  fitful  sleep ;  not 
sleep  with  bad  dreams;  nor  is 
it  too  much  sleep.  It  is  the 
sleep  that  tired  Nature  demands 
and  takes  if  you  but  give  her 
the  opportunity. 

Fitful    sleep    comes    from 

[  one  hundred  and   eleven  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

either  worry,  fear,  an  excited 
mental  state,  too  much  exercise, 
over-eating,  over-drinking,  or 
bad  ventilation. 

Sleep  with  bad  dreams 
comes  either  from  overloading 
the  stomach  or  from  having 
disobeyed  some  other  of  Na- 
ture's laws,  or  from  high  mental 
excitement. 

Too  much  sleep  comes  from 
laziness — and  begets  laziness. 

The  right  sort  of  sleep  is 
the  kind  that  you  don't  know 
you  are  taking.  You  j  us t "  drop 
off  to  sleep"  about  9  or  10  o'clock 
at  night  and  wake  fully  re- 
freshed about  6  or  7  in  the 
morning,  not  knowing  how  the 
miracle  of  the  re-creating  of 
the  body  and  mind  has  been 
accomplished.  This  is  the  sleep 

[  one  hundred  and  twelve  ] 


WANAMAK£R=ORIGINATOR 

of  the  healthful  and  the  strong, 
who  do  each  day's  duties  by  day 
and  rest  peacefully  by  night. 
Sleep  is  the  time  when  the 
waste  tissues  of  the  body, thrown 
off  in  the  wear  and  tear  of  the 
day,  are  renewed  and  built  up 
again  with  new  life  and  vigor. 
Sleep,  therefore,  of  the  right 
kind,  is  absolutely  necessary  to 
health  and  strength. 

And  now,  if  you  have  fol- 
lowed the  rules  of  Health  here 
laid  down — not  by  the  writer, 
but  by  Nature  herself — you 
will  have  this  peaceful,  invigo- 
rating sleep  to-night,  and  wake 
fully  refreshed  to-morrow, 
ready  for  another  hard,  though 
pleasant,  day's  work. 


[  one  hundred  and  thirteen  ] 


CHAPTER  III 

"With  All  My  MIND" 

Robert  Grayson  was  the 
strongest  boy  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. He  could  run  farther, 
swim  faster,  play  foot-ball  bet- 
ter, than  any  of  the  twenty 
other  boys  with  whom  he  asso- 
ciated. He  was  not  overgrown, 
but  he  took  good  care  of  him- 
self physically,  and  his  muscles 
were  all  splendidly  developed 
and  responded  to  every  call  he 
made  upon  them. 

"Robert?  said  his  father  one 
day,  "how  would  yoti  like  to  go  to  West 
Point — the  Military  A  cademy  ?  There  s 
a  vacancy  to  be  Ji I  led  and  I  think  I  can 
get  the  appointment  for  you ." 

"Great/"  said  Robert ;  "that  suits 
me  to  a    T.     I  can  ride   horse  and 

[  one  hundred  and  fourteen  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

march  and  drill  and  shoot — now,  yotc 
see,  Daddy,  I  didnt  give  too  much  time 
to  play  and  sports,  did  I,  for  now  I  can 
pass  the  physical  examination  easily? 

"Yes?  answered   his   father, 

"but  there  is  a  mental  examination  to 
pass,  and  you  zvill  have  to  get  down  to 
hard  study" 

Bobby's  jaw  dropped,  but 
he  was  courageous,  and  he  made 
up  his  mind  he  would  study 
hard. 

He  started  well,  but,  alas! 
for  his  good  intentions,  he 
began  studying  too  late — and 
on  the  day  after  his  mental 
examination  came  a  letter  to 
his  father,  and  the  only  word 
Bobby  could  read  in  it  was  the 
black  word  FAILED. 

And  then  Robert  Grayson 
learned  the  lesson  that   every 

[  one  hundred  and  fifteen  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

boy  and  girl,  every  man  and 
woman  must  learn — that  strength 
of  body  is  not  enough  to  win  true  suc- 
cess (unless  your  ambition  is  to 
become  a  prize-fighter),  but  that 

to  a  healthful  and  strong  body  must  be 
hitched  a  well,  filly-developed  and 
strong  MIND. 

We  often  see  a  big,  strong 
horse  pulling  a  load  along  the 
street.  A  fine  specimen  of 
physical  development.  But 
that  is  only  brute  strength. 
Note  the  reins  that  go  to  the 
horse's  mouth — they  represent 
the  intellect  of  man  that  con- 
trols and  guides  the  brute 
strength.  And  unless  you  wish 
to  be  driven  and  directed  in 
your  labors  through  life,  like 
the  poor  dumb  (but  strong) 
horse ;  unless  you  want  to  have 

[  one  hundred  and  sixteen  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

reins  on  your  head  and  a  bit  in 
your  mouth,  and  have  some 
other  man  drive  and,  it  may  be, 
cruelly  whip  you  on — why, 
then,  if  you  would  avoid  this, 
develop  your  MIND  as  you  develop 
your  Body.  Make  your  mind  big 
and  strong.  For  your  mind 
— the  power  of  thought — is  what 
lifts  you  above  the  level  of  the 
dumb  animal. 

Mind  is  located  in  the  phys- 
ical  brain.  Just  what  the 
intellect  is  and  how  it  works 
we  do  not  know.  Whether  the 
size  of  the  brain,  the  shape,  or 
the  color  makes  the  mind  strong 
matters  little.     The  important 

point  is :  the  Mind  can  be  developed, 
strengthened,  enlarged.  And  there 
is  great  hope  in  this.  For 
accident   of   birth   or  of  our 

[  one  hundred  and  seventeen  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

surroundings  (environment) 
counts  for  little  when  a  Lin- 
coln can  become  President  of 
the  United  States,  a  Franklin 
can  develop  one  of  the  best  all- 
around  intellects  of  any  age,  or 
a  boy  like  Girard,  thrown  upon 
his  own  resources  in  a  foreign 
country  at  the  age  of  14, 
can  amass  a  million  dollars 
honestly. 

Every  healthful  boy  has  a 
sound  Brain  and  Mind  and 
Intellect  (call  it  by  either  name) 
that  with  proper  personal  effort 
can  be  developed  into  a  great 
THOUGHT-  FACTORY—  and 

Thought  rttles  the  world. 

Where  do  Thoughts  come 
from? 

Apparently  out  of  the  air 
— out  of  the  Nowhere  into  Here. 

[  one  hundred  and  eighteen  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

But  Thought  is  really  not 
so  mysterious  as  this.  Thoughts 
come  only  through  five  gates — 
all  knowledge  conies  practically 
through  these  five  gates.  And 
these  Gates  are  our  five  physical 
senses — Seeing,  Hearing,  Tasting, 
Touching  and  Smelling.  There  are 
four  other  senses — minor  senses 
— like  the  sense  of  weight,  of 
temperature,  of  thirst  and 
hunger — but  these  depend  upon 
the  five  great  senses  and  need 
not  be  considered  here. 

The  sense  of  SIGHT  is  the 
widest  gate  of  the  five.  Through 
this  gate  comes  the  greater  part 
of  all.  knowledge.  The  blind 
man  is  the  hardest  stricken  of 
all  cripples,  and  yet  even  a 
blind  man  can  become  Senator 
of  the  United  States — as  Senator 

[  one  hundred  and  nineteen  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

Gore  has  become.  This  proves 
not  that  Sight  is  unnecessary 
to  success,  but  that  the  other 
four  senses  —  the  other  four 
gates — are  wide  open,  too,  to  let 
in  useful  knowledge. 

Through  the  sense  of  Sight 
we  observe,  we  learn  Nature,  we 
study  books,  we  get  sensations 
and  form  images  in  our  minds — 
IMAGES,  which  are  the  phys- 
ical beginning  of  thoughts, 
leading  on  to  concepts,  ideas, 
laws  and  principles. 

In  the  same  way,  the  Gate 
of  HEARING  admits  much 
useful  knowledge;  an,d  the 
Gates  of  TOUCH,  of  SMELL 
and  of  TASTE.  All  these  gates 
must  be  kept  open  if  we  would 
develop    our    minds    to    the 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

utmost.  And  these  physical 
senses  must  be  sharpened, 
developed  and  strengthened. 

Do  you  realize  that  you  can 
train  your  power  of  observation 
— through  the  eyes?  Try  the 
simple  game  of  having  an 
"Observation  Party."  Place 
two  dozen  different  articles  on 
the  table.  Let  each  guest 
observe  them  for  a  minute  or 
two  and  then  go  into  an  adjoin- 
ing room  and  write  down  on  a 
slip  of  paper  what  was  on  the 
table.  You  will  be  surprised  to 
find  how  few  things  we  really 
SEE,  until  we  begin  to  train 
our  sense  of  sight,  our  power 
of  observation. 

Similar  tests  may  be  made 
of  our  sense  of  Hearing,  of 
Smell,    of    Taste,    of    Touch — 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

showing  that  all  these  may  be 
trained  and  strengthened  and 
developed. 

This  "sensing"  of  things — ■ 
taking  in  knowledge  through 
the  gateways  of  our  senses — is 
one  part  of  education.  It  is  the 
gathering  of  the  merchandise. 
It  is  the  harvesting  of  the  crops. 
Now,  when  we  have  our  store- 
house or  granary  (our  brain) 
packed  pretty  full  (it  is  never 
absolutely  full — there  is  always 
room  there  for  more  knowledge !) 
we  must  arrange  our  knowledge 
(like  sorting  goods)  so  that  we 
can  use  it  when  we  wish.  Some 
brains  are  filled  with  knowl- 
edge, but  it  is  disorganized — like 
some  badly  kept  stocks  of 
merchandise — and  the  owner 
never  can  find  the  right  infor- 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

mation  when  he  wants  it. 
Knowledge  is  good  only  when 
it  is  organized.  And  so 
organized  knowledge  is  called 

Wisdom. 

Information  that  we  take 
in  through  our  physical  senses 
is  useful  only  when  we  can 
remember  it — that  is  true,  isn't 
it?  So,  while  training  our 
physical  senses  to  become 
acute  we  must  also  train  our 
MEMORY. 

Why  do  we  remember  some 
things  and  forget  others? 
Simply  because  we  were  interested 
in  the  thing  we  remembered 
and  not  interested  in  the  thing 
we  forgot.  When  we  are 
interested  in  a  thing  we  give 
it  our  attention — we  concentrate 
our   mind  upon   it.       So   that 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-three  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

ATTENTION  and  CON- 
CENTRATION form  the 
secret  of  remembering. 

Attention  is  merely  fixing 
our  minds  intently  on  a  thing. 

Concentration  is  simply 
prolonged  attention. 

When  we  give  strict  atten- 
tion to  something  we  are  reading 
and  concentrate  our  minds  upon 
it,  pushing  out  of  the  mind 
all  other  thoughts,  we  will  pack 
away  in  our  storehouse  the 
knowledge  we  are  thus  acquir- 
ing, and  we  can  recall  it  at  any 
time.  Better  to  read  little,  but 
read  that  little  attentively, 
than  to  read  much  slovenly, 
without  concentration,  skip- 
ping over  it  in  a  lazy  sort  of 
fashion.  Reading  newspapers 
and    nothing   else   harms   the 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  ] 


WAN  AMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

memory,  because  we  do  not  ex- 
pect to  remember  much  of 
what  we  read  in  the  newspaper 
— it  isn't  worth  remembering. 
But  reading  good  books  is  an 
aid  to  memory,  because  we  feel 
the  importance  and  advantage 
of  what  we  are  reading  —  we  are 
stocking  our  minds  with  useful  knowl- 
edge and  we  wish  to  remember  it. 

Good  health  is  also  an  aid 
to  memory — a  strong,  healthful 
boy  or  girl  will  remember  more 
than  a  weak  and  sickly  child. 

]STow,  after  we  have  taken 
into  our  minds,  through  our 
senses,  this  useful  information, 
and  packed  it  away  so  that  our 
memory  can  recall  it,  when 
wanted — what  are  we  going  to 
do  with  it?  Are  we  simply 
going  to  remember  that  a  horse 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

is  big  and  has  four  legs,  because 
our  sight  told  us  this  and  our 
memory  now  reminds  us  of  the 
fact  ?  No,  we  wouldn't  get  very 
far  in  life  if  this  were  all  we 
did  with  the  knowledge  we 
acquire  and  remember. 

"We  must  take  one  more 
step  —  and  that  is:  set  our 
IMAGINATION  to  work.  The 
imagination  builds  air-castles, 
yes,  and  builds  in  our  minds 
all  sorts  of  fantastic  figures; 
yes,  but  the  imagination  we  are 
talking  about  is  constructive  imag- 
ination— the  union  of  thoughts 
into  ideas  and  judgments,  and 
laws  and  principles.  This  kind 
of  imagination  is  the  Architect 
of  the  mind. 

Instead  of  merely  remem- 
bering that  the  horse  is  big  and 

f  one  hundred   and  twenty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

has  four  legs,  imagine,  please, 
what  would  happen  if  he  would 
use  those  four  legs  as  you  use 
your  two  legs — he  could  prob- 
ably run  faster,  couldn't  he? 
And  if  he  is  strong,  he  might 
carry  you  on  his  back — don't 
you  think  so  ?  Well,  there  you 
have  arrived  at  an  IDEA — and 
you  jump  on  his  back,  say  "get 
up ! "  and  away  you  go — you  have 
discovered  a  new  aid  to  man — the  beast 
of  burden  that  relieves  us  of  much  of 
otcr  work. 

Suppose  you  are  dusting 
off  the  stock  on  the  counter  and 
hear  a  customer  ask  for  a  cer- 
tain kind  of  goods  that  you 
know  is  in  the  stock-room 
(because  you  saw  it  there  a  few 
minutes  ago  and  remembered  that 
you  saw  it),  but  the  clerk  says: 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

''No,  madam,  I  am  sorry,  zve  haverft 
that  in  stocky  Are  you  content 
with  just  remembering?  No; 
you  set  your  imagination  at 
work  and  say  to  yourself:  "If  I 

dont  tell  about  these  goods,  the  store 
will  lose  a  sale  and  the  customer  wtll 
be  dissatisfied" — and  you  walk  up 
to  the  clerk  and  say  aloud :  "The 

goods  wanted  are  tip  in  the  stock-room  ; 
I  will  go  and  get  them!' 

We  rarely  think  without 
using  our  imagination,  so  you 
see  how  important  is  this  part 
of  the  mind.  By  constructive 
imagination  is  meant  that 
which  builds  up  useful  ideas — not 
the  dreamy,  harum-scarum 
false  imagination  that  an 
insane  or  drunken  person  has. 

By  using  the  imagination 
and   by  uniting  thoughts  and 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

ideas  we  REASON  and  form 
JUDGMENTS  — and  sound 
judgment  is  one  of  the  greatest 
assets  in  business. 

To  form  sound  judgment 
we  must  first  have  all  the  facts, 
we  must  then  weigh  these  facts 
and  compare  them,  we  must 
then  free  otir  minds  of  all  prejudice, 
and  then,  after  taking  enough 
time  to  consider,  we  will  form 
a  sound  judgment. 

Bad  judgments  are  only  of 
three  kinds:  1 — hasty  judgment 
(when  we  do  not  take  enough 
time  to  compare  and  weigh  the 

facts) ;  2 — mistaken  judgment  (when 

we  do  not  have  all  the  facts  in 
the  case — do  not  see  all  sides 
of  the  subject — or  when  our 
physical  senses  are  defective); 

[  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

j 

3 — prejudiced  judgment  (when    we 

become  biased,  one  way  or 
another,  through  our  feelings. 
Good  judgment,  of  course, 
conies  from  experience,  but 
experience,  you  have  seen,  is 
only  the  taking  in  of  knowledge 
through  the  senses  and  remem- 
bering that  knowledge.  So  that 
the  boy  or  girl  who  trains  the 
senses  and  trains  the  memory 
will  gain  experience  faster  than 
those  who  do  not  train  the 
senses  or  memory.  In  this  way 
we  can  grow  experienced,  even 
while  yet  young  in  years.  And 
experienced  men  and  women, 
with  good  judgment  and  imag- 
ination, always  command  good 
places  in  business,  whether  they 
are  young  or  old  in  years. 

Thinking,    remembering,  imagin- 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

< 

ing — these  are  the  faculties  of 
the  mind  we  use  every  day  in 
life — and  when  we  develop 
these,  we  do  things  "with  all  our 
minds!9  We  must  observe,  we 
must  give  strict  attention  to 
what  is  going  on  around  us,  we 
must  study  books  and  goods 
and  people,  giving  close  atten- 
tion to  what  we  are  doing,  and 
in  this  way  we  take  in  useful 
knowledge  through  our  five 
physical  senses.  Then,  by  re- 
membering that  knowledge, 
and  by  thinking,  reflecting  and 
imagining,  we  create  ideas  of 
our  own  and  grow  in  Wisdom. 

But  good  health  and 
physical  strength  are  great  aids 
in  developing  the  mind.  The 
mind   thinks,    remembers  and 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

imagines  better  when  the  body 
is  strong  than  when  it  is  sickly. 
Now,  we  have  developed  a 
strong  boy  or  girl,  both  physi- 
cally and  mentally,  but  this  is 
not  enough  to  make  the  full- 
rounded  man  or  woman — as  we 
shall  see  in  the  next   chapter. 


[  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  ] 


CHAPTER  IV 

"With  All  My  HEART" 

A  playmate  of  Johnnie's 
and  of  Robert's,  about  whom 
you  have  read  in  former  chap- 
ters, was  William  Jary — a  great, 
big,  husky  lad,  as  bright  in  mind 
as   he  was   strong  in  body. 

But  " Billy,"  as  the  boys 
called  him,  had  few  real  friends. 
He  was  always  bullyragging 
the  smaller  boys,  saying  mean 
things  to  the  girls — and  often 
was  heard  to  speak  crossly  to 
his  mother,  who  was  an  invalid. 

I  wonder  how  many  of  my 
readers  can  tell  me  what  was 
wrong  with  this  William  Jary  ? 

His  HEART  was  bad — you 
have  guessed  it  the  first  time. 
Maybe  we  had  better   say:  "Ms 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty-three  ] 


THE    RULE   OF    FOUR 

heart  was  wrong"  we  then  give  him 
a  chance  to  right  it;  for  no  heart 
is  wholly  bad,  and  I  am  sorry 
to  say  no  heart  is  wholly  good. 
The  HEART  is  the  seat  of 
Character.  Not  the  physical 
heart,  perhaps,  that  pumps  the 
blood  through  our  bodies,  but 
the  Heart  that  we  mean  when 

we  say:  "he  put  his  heart  into  his 
work" — or  "that  woman  has  a  good 
heart" — or  "that  boy  has  a  stout  heart, 
he  helps  his  mother  pttt  the  house  in 
order  when  other  boys  are  playing" — or 
'with  all  my  heart  I  will  serve   the 

public"  and  other  common  ex- 
pressions of  the  same  nature. 

"As    a    ma n    thinketh     in    his 

HEAR  T,  so  is  he"  wrote  Solomon 
centuries  ago — and  the  state- 
ment is  absolutely  true  to-day. 
The  HEART,  as  we  use 
the   term,   is   the   seat   of  the 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

feelings.  '  Yotcr  Heart  warms  toward 
another  boy" — means  that  you  feel 
kindly  toward  him,   you   like 

him.  '  Your  Heart  is  chilled  with 
fear" — means,  you  feel  afraid. 
"Your  Heart  is  brave" — means,  you 
feel  courageous. 

Our  hearts  yfe/ a  truth  often 
when  our  minds  do  not  know 
the  truth.  A  child's  instinct 
(heart)  can  often  be  trusted, 
when  choosing  a  companion, 
when  perhaps  her  father's  knowl- 
edge of  that  companion  might 
be  a  false  guide. 

So  that  to  develop  the  boy 
or  girl  into  the  full -rounded 
man  or  woman  it  is  absolutely 
essential  that  the  HEART  be 
fully  developed  in  its  good 
qualities.  The  HEART  is  one 
of  the  four  segments  that  make 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

up  the  full-rounded  and  com- 
plete being  which  Nature 
intended  us  all  to  be. 

What  are  these  good 
qualities  of  the  Heart  that  we 
must  develop? 

Well,  LOVE  is  a  good  one 
to  write  down  first,  for  we 
begin  life  with  great  love  for 
our  parents,  and  we  know  and 
feel  what  love  is.  The  great 
pity  is  that  we  should  ever 
lose  this  love  of  the  heart  that  we 
are  born  with,  for  it „ helps 
mightily  in  making  a  man  or 
woman  successful  in  any  walk 
of  life. 

From  love  comes  SYM- 
PATHY—a  great  quality  of 
the  heart. 

From  love  come  COUR- 
TESY and  POLITENESS  and 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

KINDNESS  and  CHEER- 
FULNESS and  a  host  of  other 
good  qualities  that  help  in 
business,  because  no  one  can 
succeed  in  business  who  is  rude 
(the  absence  of  courtesy  and 
politeness)  who  is  cruel  (the 
absence  of  kindness)  who  is 
grumpy  and  in  bad  humor 
(the  absence  of  cheerfulness). 
So,  you  see,  by  keeping  that 
LOVE  in  our  hearts  which  our 
mothers  gave  us  we  have  made 
a  great  beginning  in  life  and 
hold  in  reserve  a  great  power 
when  difficulties  arise. 

From  the  HEART  also 
comes  CONSCIENCE  — the 
rudder  that,  kept  true  and 
straight,  guides  us  in  every- 
thing we  do. 

From  the  HEART  come 
FAITH  and  HOPE— two  great 

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THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

elements  of  success  in  business. 
Suppose  you  did  not  have  faith, 
in  the  public,  you  wouldn't 
keep  store  long,  would  you? 
Suppose  you  did  not  have  faith 
in  the  goods  you  are  asked  to 
sell,  you  wouldn't  sell  many, 
would  you  ?  Suppose  you  did 
not  have  faith  in  the  firm  that 
employed  you,  could  you  do 
good  work  ?  And  suppose  you 
did  not  have  faith  in  yourself 
— but  that  is  too  great  a  calam- 
ity to  think  about!  You  see, 
though,  how  far-reaching  is 
FAITH. 

Hope  is  next  door  to  faith 
— and  right  here  we  may  as 
well  write  these  three  sentences 
on  our  hearts  : 

To  look  up  —  not  down  — 
that  is  FAITH. 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

To  look  ahead — not  back — 
that  is  HOPE. 

To  look  out — not  in — that 
is  LOVE. 

Faith,  Hope  and  Love  make 
lis  optimists  (those  who  look  upon 
the  bright  side  of  things)  in- 
stead of  pessimists  (those  who 
look  upon  the  dark  side  of  life) 
— and  optimism  makes  us  all 
better  business  boys  and  girls, 
men  and  women. 

From  our  HEART  also 
comes  our  sense  of  DUTY — 
which  keeps  us  at  work  in  work 
hours  and  makes  us  happy  at 
play  in  play  hours,  because  we 
have  the  feeling  that  we  have 
done  our  duty. 

From  our  HEARTS  also 
comes  the  DESIRE  for  greater 

[  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

things,  which  leads  to  AMBI- 
TION, without  which  no  boy 
or  girl  ever  becomes  successful 
in  business. 

From  our  HEARTS  also 
comes  EARNESTNESS;  also 
conies  COURAGE;  also  comes 
LOYALTY;  also  comes  REV- 
ERENCE—all  of  which  must 
be  developed  and  sustained  all 
through  life. 

And  from  the  HEART 
come  these  four  virtues — four 
links  in  the  chain  of  success 
that  dare  never  break  if  we  are 
to  hold  on  to  the  better  things 
of  life. 

1.  PURITY— of  body  and 
mind  and  heart. 

2.  TEMPERANCE  — in 
our  living — in  our  eating  and 
drinking ;  in  our  words  and  in 

[  one  hundred  and   forty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

our  thoughts.  The  temperate 
man  never  over-eats,  never 
over-drinks,  never  over-states, 
never  over-does   anything. 

3.  HONESTY— of  word 
and  deed  and  purpose — which 
makes  us  SINCERE  and 
STRAIGHTFORWARD  in  all 
we  do  and  say  and  think. 

4.  TRUTHFULNESS— in 
our  words  and  in  our  actions — 
the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and 
nothing  but  the  truth.  Half- 
truths  are  half -lies,  remember. 
And  the  liar  never  succeeds  in 
business. 

And  now  you  probably 
think  you  have  read  a  Sunday- 
school  lesson.  But  it  is  a 
BUSINESS  LESSON  that  all 
successful  business  men  and 
women  must  learn — that  unless 

[  one  hundred  and  forty-one  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

we  do  our  work  "with  all  our 
HEART"  and  keep  our  heart 
true  and  just  and  honest  and 
kind  and  brave,  we  will  never 
become  as  successful  as  we 
might  become  with  our  natural 
endowments  and  our  opportu- 
nities. 

No  two  people  have  the 
same  strength  of  body,  the  same 
force  of  mind,  the  same  qualities 
of  heart,  but  no  one  knows  to 
what  great  POWER  he  can 
develop  himself  until  he  tries. 
And  success,  after  all,  does  not 
mean  wonderful  achievement ; 
but  merely  the  development  to 
the  utmost  of  our  natural  gifts 
of  body,  of  mind  and  of  heart, 
according  to  the  environment 
into  which  we  are  born  or  are 
placed.     So  be  not  discouraged 

[  one  hundred  and  forty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

at  failure,  but  get  up  and  try 
again.  Grant  was  a  failure  at 
40;  a  few  years  later  he  was 
President  of  the  United  States. 
Franklin  did  not  have  the 
advantages  that  we  have,  yet 
he  became  the  greatest  man  of 
his  time. 


[  one  hundred  and  forty-three  ] 


CHAPTER  V 

"With   All   My   WILL" 

You  have  now  read,  Boys 
and  Girls,  how  Johnnie  failed 
to  save  his  mother  through  lack 
of  physical  strength.  And  you 
have  seen  how  a  STRONG 
MAN  (strong  in  muscle  and 
brawn)   did   save   her. 

You  have  learned  also  how 
you  can  make  your  bodies 
strong  by  breathing  deeply  of 
pure  air,  by  eating  and  drink- 
ing temperately,  by  working, 
exercising,  playing,  resting  and 
sleeping  properly,  and  by 
thinking  pure,  good,  cheerful 
thoughts  and  ridding  your 
minds  of  fear  and  worry 

You  have  also  been  told 
that  we   learn   by   taking  in 

[  one  hundred  and  forty-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

knowledge  through  our  phys- 
ical  senses,  and  that  by 
thinking,  remembering  and 
imagining  (building  thoughts 
together)  we  develop  our  minds, 
and  that  knowledge  when 
organized  grows  into  wisdom. 

Taking  one  more  step,  you 
have  learned  that  Character 
comes  from  the  Heart,  and  that 
Character  or  Reliability  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  success  in 
any  walk  of  life. 

You  have  also  seen  how  a 
healthful,  strong  body  helps  to 
make  a  strong  mind,  how  a 
strong,  well-developed  mind 
helps  to  make  a  strong  body, 
and  how  both  a  strong  body  and 
a  strong  mind  help  to  make  a 
strong,  reliable  character. 

But  there  is  still  another 
power  within  us — as  great  as 

[  one  hundred  and  forty-five  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

any  we  have  yet  mentioned — 
without  which  no  one  can  have 
a  strong  body,  a  strong  mind 
or  a  strong  character — and  that 
power  is  the  WILL.  Take  your 
hats  off  to  the  HUMAN  WILL, 
Boys  and  Girls,  for  the  WILL 
is  BOSS. 

Imagine,  please  (and  here 
is  a  good  chance  to  set  your 
imagination  at  work),  the 
strongest  boy  or  girl  in  the 
neighborhood,  who  is  also  the 
strongest  mentally,  who  is  also 
the  strongest  in  heart — in 
character — and  yet  he  or  she 
may  be  lagging  behind  the 
others  in  school  or  business. 
Why?  Because  the  WILL  is  not 
developed. 

Such  boys  or  girls,  when 
Mother   calls   in  the  morning, 

[  one  hundred  and  forty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

turn  over  and  go  to  sleep; 
when  school  opens  they  are  yet 
eating  breakfast;  when  some 
one  asks  them  to  run  an  errand 
the  reply  comes:  "In  a  minute*1 
Boys  and  girls  without 
strong   WILLS    are    always 

getting  ready  to  begin  to  do  something, 
but  they  never  DO  it — or  they 
do  it  TOO   LATE. 

You  have  often  seen  a  great 
panting  locomotive  in  the  rail- 
road station.  Strongly  built, 
with  intelligence  in  every  bolt 
and  bar  that  makes  it  complete, 
ready  to  perform  a  great  service 
for  the  waiting  passengers — yet 
it  is   only   an  inert  bulk,  until 

the  engineer  opens  the  throttle  and  sets 
it  in  ACTION. 

IN  ACTION— that  is  the 
only   state  in   which   we   are 

[  one  hundred  and  forty-seven  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

worth  our  salt.  We  may  be 
never  so  strong  in  body  and 
never  so  learned,  we  may  have 
the  character  and  reliability  of 
Lincoln,  but  unless  we  get  into 
action  by  using  our  WILL  we 
achieve  absolutely  nothing. 

Yes,  the  Will  is  BOSS.  We 
can't  move  our  bodies  unless 
we  will  to  do  so.  If  we  would 
study  hard  or  work  hard  we 
must  first  will  to  do  so. 

Our  Will  is  really  ourselves. 
John  is  just  as  strong  as  John's 
will  is  strong.  Mary  is  just  as 
strong  as  Mary's  will  is  strong. 

Will  is  the  great  force  back 
of  both  Self-control  (restraint  of 
our  passions  and  false  desires, 
etc.)  and  of  Personal  Efort  (the 
positive  side  of  our  natures). 

[  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

Will  plus  Imagination 
(imagination,  you  remember,  is 
the  architect  of  the  mind)  is 
INITIATIVE.  And  initiative 
is  doing  the  right  thing  at  the 
right  time,  without  being  told. 

What  a  great  power  in 
business  is  initiative !  It  is  abso- 
lutely true,  Boys  and  Girls,  that 
your  value  to  your  employer 
depends  exactly  upon  what  you 
can  do  without  Supervision.  When 
some  one  else  must  tell  you 
what  to  do  and  must  watch 
that  you  do  it,  your  services  are 
not  valuable.  But  when  you 
reach  the  point  of  "taking  hold 
of  things"  yourself,  and  of 
executing  them — of  DOING 
THINGS— then  you  will  find 
the  money  in  your  pay-envelope 

[one  hundred  and  forty-nine  ] 


THE   RULE   OF    FOUR 

largely  increased.  And  this 
power  to  do  THINGS  YOUR- 
SELF, wzt hotel  being  told,  is 
INITIATIVE— and  initiative 
comes  largely  from  the  WILL. 
You  see  the  value,  then,  to  your- 
self of  developing  a  strong  will. 

Be  prompt.  Be  on  time  in 
the  mornings.  Be  prompt  to 
obey.  Have  a  spring  in  your 
step  when  some  one  asks  you 
to  do  something — don't  slouch 
along. 

Be  orderly.  If  you  have  a 
desk,  keep  it  clean  and  in  order. 
If  you  haven't  a  desk,  keep  the 
desk  of  your  boss  clean  and 
orderly. 

Keep  yourself  clean  and 
neat,  your  hair  brushed,  your 
teeth  clean,  your  nails  in  order 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

and  your  shoes  polished.  All 
this  is  part  of  your  will-power. 
If  you  will  to  do  these  things, 
you  will  do  them. 

The  Will  is  like  a  judge  in 
the  courts.  From  the  Mind  it 
hears  the  facts  in  the  case  (as  a 
judge  hears  them  from  the  wit- 
nesses); from  the  Heart  it  feels 
the  emotional  side  of  the  case 
(as  a  judge  hears  the  lawyer's 
plea  for  mercy  for  the  prisoner); 
and  then,  with  all  the  facts  in 
hand,  the  Will,  as  supreme 
judge,  must  decide  the  case  and 
give  the  order  of  judgment. 

The  Will  is  often  the  um- 
pire between  our  mind  and  our 
heart.  Sometimes  we  feel  like 
staying  away  from  business 
and  attending  a  base-ball  game. 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty-one  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

Our  mind  says :  "No,  that  will  not 
be  right"  Our  heart  says :  "  Yes, 
the  game  will  be  enjoyable!'  Right 
here  steps  in  our  Will  and  says 
NO — sides  with  the  mind  and 
makes  a  majority  of  2  to  1, 

14  But  how  shall  I  train  my  will?r 

you  ask. 

By  exercising  it;  by  using  it; 

by  making  yourself  do  dis- 
agreeable things. 

"When  you  go  to  turn  over 
in  bed  in  the  morning  when 
mother  calls,  say  to  your- 
self: " NO,  I  will  not  go  to  steep 
again" — and  GET  UP  at  once. 
Your  will  makes  you  get  up. 

When  some  one  offers  you 
a  cigarette,  say  "NO" — your 
will  again  will  save  you. 

Force   yourself    to    take   a 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

bath  when  you  don't  feel  like 
taking  it ;  force  yourself  to  take 
a  walk  when  you  don't  feel 
like  taking  it. 

Deny  yourself  sweets.  Put 
your  money  in  bank  when  you 
feel  like  spending  it. 

Soon  you  will  find  your 
Will  growing  stronger  and  it 
will  be  easier  to  make  your 
decisions. 

A  strong  will  largely  de- 
pends upon  a  healthful  body,  a 
vigorous  mind  and  a  good  heart 
— for  all  these  four  quarters  of 
a  full-rounded  man  or  woman 
are  inter-dependent  —  one 
depends  upon  the  other — the 
Body,  the  Mind,  the  Heart  and 
the  Will.  Strengthen  and  de- 
velop them  all  and  we  become 
strong  men  and  women. 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  ] 


CHAPTER  VI 

Conclusion 

And  now  you  have  read 
the  A,  B,  C's  of  right  living. 
You  have  seen  that  a  whole 
man  or  woman  consists  of 
four  parts:  the  Body,  the  Mind, 
the  Heart,  the  Will.  You  have 
learned  the  various  construc- 
tive qualities  that  come  from 
each.  And  you  have  been  told 
in  what  way  you  can  strengthen 
the  body,  the  mind,  the  heart 
and  the  will. 

With  these  A,  B,  C's  you 
can  write  your  whole  Book  of 
Life,  just  as  the  greatest  liter- 
ature is  written  from  the  26 
simple  letters  of  the  alphabet. 

You  have  ambition,  of 
course.     You   have   faith  in 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty-four  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

yourself  and  the  house  you  are 
working  with.  You  have  hope 
of  getting  along  fast.  And 
you  have  health  and  strength 
of  body,  or  you  would  not  be  at 

work.  The  important  thing  now  is 
to  hold  that  strength  of  body  and  to 
still  more  develop  it.  Then,  to  keep 
open  all  your  physical  senses 
that  you  may  observe  and  learn; 
to  study  hard,  to  work  hard,  to 
keep  both  your  body  and  your 
mind  clean,  and  your  heart 
pure.  And  finally,  to  set  your 
will  at  work  and  get  into  action. 
The  way  to  get  into  action 
is  to  get  into  action  —  go  and  do 
the  thing.  But  if  you  cultivate 
attention  in  business,  you  will 
find  this  soon  ripens  into  interest. 
And  then  interest  will  change 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  ] 


THE   RULE   OF   FOUR 

into  desire  to  do  something,  and 
before  you  know  it  you  are  off 
about  your  duties,  doing  the 
right  thing  at  the  right  time 
— growing,  developing,  serving 
the  public  better  day  by  day. 

And  that  is  all  we  are  in 
business  for — to  serve  the  public. 
This  large  granite  building 
—  the  new  home  of  the 
Wanamaker  Store — was  built 
for  SERVICE  alone.  The 
founder  of  the  business  has 
given  his  whole  life  to  service. 
Every  one  of  this  business 
family,  from  the  owner  down 
to  the  newest  recruit,  is  here  to 

serve  the  public. 

"I  serve"  is  the  grandest 
motto  any  one  can  have.  It 
includes  all  the  virtues  of 
body,  mind   and   heart.     In   it 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  ] 


WANAMAKER— ORIGINATOR 

are  wrapped  up  all  the  con- 
structive faculties  that  make 
great  men  and  women.  For 
selfishness  is  the  one  great  sin. 
The  happiest  people  are  those 
who  live  for  each  other.  The 
successful  men  and  women  are 
those  who  co-operate  with  one 
another.  For  man  cannot  live 
alone  —  neither  can  he  work 
successfully  alone. 

Work  hard,  study  hard, 
develop  your  powers  of  body, 
mind,  heart  and  will — but  not 
for  selfish  purposes.  Do  all 
these  things  to  make  so7>ie  one  else 
happy — your  mother,  your 
father,  your  sister  or  brother — 
and  when  you  grow  older,  j^our 
wife  and  children — then  will 
you  be  happy,  then  will  you 
win  true  success. 

[  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  ] 


Make  this  resolution  today 

-NOW: 

I  will  do  my  full 

DUTY 

every  day! 

with  all  my  Strength 

with  all  niy  Mind 

with  all  my  Heart 

with  all  my  Will 


JAMES  ALLEN 

To  the  Wanamaker  Business  Family  : 

"A  man  is  literally  what  he  thinks,  his  character 
being  the  complete  sum  of  all  his  thoughts.  Let 
a  man  radically  alter  his  thoughts  and  he  will  be 
astonished  at  the  rapid  transformation  it  will  effect 
in  the  material  conditions  of  his  life.  Men  imagine 
that  thought  can  be  kept  secret,  but  it  cannot ;  it 
rapidly  crystallizes  into  habit,  and  habit  solidifies  into 
circumstances.  Man  is  buffeted  by  circumstances  so 
long  as  he  believes  himself  to  be  the  creature  of 
outside  condition,  but  when  he  realizes  that  he  is 
a  creative  power,  and  that  he  may  command  the 
hidden  soil  and  seeds  of  his  being  out  of  which 
circumstances  grow,  he  then  becomes  the  rightful 
master  of  himself. 

"  The  Vision  that  you  glorify  in  your  Mind, 
the  Ideal  that  you  enthrone  in  your  Heart,  this  you 
will  build  your  life  by,  this  you  will  become." 


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WANAMAKER 
ORIGINATOR 


How  Boys  and  Girls 

can  develop 
into  full-rounded 

Men  and  Women 


